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The hardness.
Because the metallic bonds between their particles are very strong.
transition metals
Boron is a metalloid, not a metal. Transition metals are metals.
Physically, post-transition metals are soft (or brittle), have poor mechanical strength, and melting points lower than those of the transition metals; most also have boiling points lower than those of the transition metals. Being close to the metal-nonmetal border, their crystalline structures tend to show covalent or directional bonding effects, having generally greater complexity or fewer nearest neighbours than other metallic elements.
The physical properties of transition metals are determined by their electron configurations. Most transition metals are hard solids with relatively high melting and boiling points. Differences in properties among transition metals are based on the ability of unpaired d electrons to move into the valence level. The more unpaired electrons in the d sublevel, the greater the hardness and the higher the melting and boiling points.
The hardness.
The hardness.
Transition state metals include a wide variety of metals; they include iron, gold, and mercury which all have strikingly different properties (hard, soft, and liquid, for example). Nonetheless, a comparison can be made between the transition state metals and the alkali and alkaline earth metals; transition state metals are not as chemically active (some transition state metals are actually inert, such as platinum).
Early transition metals are does starting at the beginning of the transition metals (i.e. Sc) and going through about d5 which would be Mn. These metals are less electron rich as compared to the so-called "late" transition metals and the chemistry of each is somewhat different and definitely unique. Hardness and softness of the each of these groups changes (see Hard Soft Acid Base Theory) as does the stable oxidation states and coordination numbers.
No. Alkali metals such as sodium and potassium are not usually considered contributors to water hardness. The alkaline earth and transition metals (such as calcium and iron) are. Potassium itself is a very soft metal that can be easily cut with a steel knife.
Because the metallic bonds between their particles are very strong.
The physical properties of transition metals are determined by their electron configurations. Most transition metals are hard solids with relatively high melting and boiling points. Differences in properties among transition metals are based on the ability of unpaired d electrons to move into the valence level. The more unpaired electrons in the d sublevel, the greater the hardness and the higher the melting and boiling points.
They have to properties of metals. Most have high melting and boiling points. They're excellent conductors of electricity.
transition metals
Transition metals
Boron is a metalloid, not a metal. Transition metals are metals.