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spinning
Every rotation of a planet on its axis is a planetary day.
How long it spins on it's axis
It depends on which planet your talking about, for example if your talking about Earth its about 24 hours.
According to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, its distance from the sun.
The Vernal Equinox determines the first day of spring. The Autumn Equinox is what determines the first day of fall.
bang bang
One full revolution of that planet. The planetary day of Earth is 24 Earth hours long. Other planets spin at various speeds, with Jupiter the fastest (shortest day) and Venus the longest (barely rotating, and in the opposite direction of its orbit). Because of the short year on Mercury (88 Earth days), and its long day (59 Earth days), the apparent "solar day" on its surface is twice its year, or 176 Earth Days.
It doesn't. Day and night are planetary phenomena caused by the rotation of the planet.
Approx 687 days.
There are 24 hours in a day.
This depends on the mass of the planet (and sun or star that it orbits around) and the distance between the two. See Kepler's laws of planetary motion.