Its temperature.
Indirectly, by analyzing the light given off by the Sun. Typically, a hotter object will emit electromagnetic waves of higher-energy - on average, because such an object will emit a mix of many electromagnetic waves.
Yes, electromagnetic waves are typically emitted by sources at high temperatures. This is because the thermal energy of the particles in the object causes them to vibrate and move, producing electromagnetic radiation as a result. The higher the temperature, the more energy the particles have, leading to the emission of higher frequency electromagnetic waves.
The electromagnetic energy density is the amount of energy carried by electromagnetic waves in a given space. The propagation of electromagnetic waves is the movement of these waves through a medium or vacuum. The energy density affects how the waves propagate, as higher energy density can lead to stronger and faster propagation of electromagnetic waves.
Potential energy is the energy of location. Gravitational potential energy is given by lifting an object, and is defined by the equation Ep = mgh, or mass * acceleration due to gravity * height.
The electric field amplitude in electromagnetic waves represents the strength of the electric field at a given point. It is important because it determines the intensity of the wave and how much energy it carries. Higher electric field amplitudes correspond to more powerful waves with greater energy.
Energy!
Mainly electromagnetic radiation.
Energy. Energy can be transferred from one object to another during interactions, such as collisions or friction, and remains with the object after the interaction is complete.
Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Considering the dual nature of electromagnetic radiation, you could also consider it to be transferred by photons of the electromagnetic radiation. The rate of transfer of radiation is given by the surface area of the radiation source, the surface area of the object receiving the radiation, a geometric coefficient accounting for how much of the radiation from the source actually hits the receiving object, a physical constant called the Stephan-Boltzman constant, the reflectivity, transparency, and absorbtivity of the receiving object for the wavelengths of the radiated energy, and the difference in the 4th power of the thermodynamic temperatures of the objects.
An object's kinetic energy is energy entirely due to its motion. The kinetic energy of an object, at some given speed, is the work needed to accelerate that body from rest to the given speed.
Yes, this is correct. In order for the object to move, it has to be given energy by force.
All substances above absolute zero emit radiant energy. Whether the object emits more than it absorbs depends on its temperature compared to the temperature of its surroundings. An object warmer than its surroundings will usually be a net emitter.