What determines the soluibility of a substance?

Answer 1

materials: 1) in case of solid solutions of replacement the solubility is determined by Hume-Rothery rules:

a. the diameter of the replacement atom (B) must not differ more than 15% of the parental atom (A)

b. they must have the same electrons at the valence shell. If B's valence is more than A's, then the solubility of B in A is more than the solubility of A in B.

c. as the difference of elecrtonegativities is bigger the bond between A and B will be less metallic. Thus, S, Se, Te have small solubility in most metalls

d. to have full solubility the number of the electrons per elemental cube, with acme a, ( electronic concentration) must be e/a<1.4

2) in case of solid solutions of insertion the solubility is determined by Hagg rules:

a. the diameter of the insertion atom B must be smaller than the half diameter of the parental atom A

b. A must be a transient element