All Heroic Age Antarctic explorers, including Sir Douglas Mawson, sailed to Antarctica on hull-reinforced ships.
compass, radio,
Mawson Station is a permanent base in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). It is named after the explorer, Douglas Mawson. Mawson is the oldest continuously inhabited Antarctic station below the Antarctic Circle. It is located at in Mac Robertson Land. The site was chosen in 1954 by Dr. Philip Law, first director of the AAD, because there is a large natural harbour, named Horseshoe Harbour, and there is permanent exposed rock for building. Mawson Station is the only station to use wind generators for over 70% of its power needs, saving over 600,000 litres of diesel fuel per year. It is the oldest of Australias three permanent Antarctic bases.
The SY Aurora, (SY = Steam Yacht).
Airplanes, boats
Douglas Mawson's 1911-1914 expedition took place in Antarctica. They set off from Australia and had several base camps, including the main one at Cape Denison in Commonwealth Bay. The expedition covered various regions of East Antarctica, including the Adelie Coast and the George V Land.
boats and dog sleds
Sir Douglas Mawson's explorations of Antarctica took place between about 1907 and about 1913. The technology available then included deer-skin sleeping bags, Burberry canvas anoraks, heavy woolen sweaters, hats and socks and animal-skin boots stuffed with grass to expand the distance between feet and ice. Communication technology included pen and paper.
The grey paper Australian One Hundred Dollar note featuring Sir Douglas Mawson were progressively withdrawn from circulation in 1996 after the introduction of the new polymer notes. Although no longer in use, the old notes are still legal tender and can be deposited into a bank account. Shop keepers and businesses may be reluctant to accept them.
Bedouins use camels for their transport
The Antarctic Circle is the region in the Southern Hemisphere surrounding the South Pole.
Passive Transport, and if your dealing with liquids its is Osmosis. Passive Transport is the act of transport with no use of energy: hence the word "Passive." But Active Transport is when it does use energy: hence the word "Active."
Facilated transport does not need to use energy but active transport does.