You need to specify what 'these' refers to.
Dominance of the Western Mediterranean.
They came to Rome from Egypt. And the Egyptians got them from the Hyksos. When the Egyptians tried to gain control of Rome, they also brought their chariots.
456 years
1948
Hadrian gained control of Rome by force
Parts of Spain.
Rome was able to gain control over the entire peninsula, Greek colonies included
He won new lands and great wealth for rome
rome defeated carthage in the punic wars
Control over the navy of Carthage, and control the trade of carthage. And Carthage lost lots of money to Rome.
After wining the Punic Wars, Rome gained control of the western Mediterranean Sea.
Ancient Rome was good for living if you were rich. If you were poor you would struggle to survive. There was no welfare except for a free gain dole.