They found craters and dust.
Yes, the Apollo 11 astronauts collected 50 basalt and breccia rocks from the lunar surface. Later missions collected more, as the first mission was short in comparison.
Not sure Apollo II did, I think it was later flights, but yes they brought rocks back. Even to day some have never been analyzed.
Moon rocks were collected from the moon by Apollo astronauts.
Approximately 382 kilograms (842 pounds) of moon rocks were brought back by the Apollo astronauts during the six successful moon landing missions.
They performed geological and chemical analysis of the samples.
The astronauts collected moon rocks and moon dust.
The moon rocks are older then the rocks found on earth.
Armalcolite is a mineral that was discovered at Tranquility Base on the Moon by the Apollo 11 crew in 1969. It was named for Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins, the three Apollo 11 astronauts.
Apollo 11 astronauts collected moon rocks and a cloth was put to collect moon dust that stuck to it.
Apollo 11 found moon rocks, and that there was no water then, but now some say that there is frozen water there.
All of the missions that actually landed brought back moon rocks . These were the missions of Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17. The Apollo 17 mission was of particular importance geologically, because one of the astronauts, Harrison Schmidt, was a geologist.
Space itself, not very much. We knew a lot when we sent the Apollo astronauts to the moon. That is how they were able to return safely back to earth. We learned many things about the moon during our voyages there. Namely that most of its features were formed by impact from other objects. Nearly all of the rocks returned by the astronauts were breccias, rocks that formed by the heat of impact from other objects. The heat melted the rocks which combined with other rocks and particles to form the breccia. There was volcanism on the moon during its very early life, but very little of it since. The only mission that found any remnants of volcanoes was Apollo 17, the last mission to land men on the moon. The Apollo astronauts left instruments on the moon that recorded the internal temperature of the moon and found it cold. They also left instruments to record any moonquakes that might happen. Since they were so rare, they crashed their Lunar Module into the moon near the landing sites to cause moonquakes so they could study the thickness of the moon's crust. They found the lunar crust to be between 60 and 86 km thick.