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The master of the Mayflower, or most any other ocean-going sailing ship of the time, would have held course by using maps, a compass, a sextant and a chronometer.
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The master of the Mayflower used a magnetic compass to determine the ship's direction relative to the Earth's magnetic field. Additionally, the master would have used tools such as a quadrant or astrolabe to measure the angle between the horizon and celestial bodies like the sun or stars to determine the ship's latitude. Dead reckoning, which involves calculating the ship's position based on its previous known position, speed, and direction, would also have been used to keep the ship on course.
The ships of that time had a astrolabe and they had found that there is a strong ocean current that goes from Europe to North America. He actually didn't keep them on course because he was blown off course by a storm. The original landing was suppose to be near Jamestown, but they ended up in Massachusetts where they found an abandoned Native American village.
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The Compact was formed to keep the group on the Mayflower together.
Mayflower compact
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