They wore robes or "dresses", called togas, and shirts called tunics. Men and women dressed similarly. It is commonly thought that women wore headdresses too.
The capital of Judea during Jesus' time was Jerusalem.
Peter
Jerusalem
The temple that was destroyed during the time of Jesus' death was the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
King Soloman
Solomons temple
Aramaic, Ancient Greek, and Latin would have been the dominant languages in Jerusalem during Jesus' life.
Simon of Cyrene happened to be in Jerusalem at the time of the crucifixion of Jesus. It is not explicitly stated why he was there, but it was likely due to his religious pilgrimage for the Jewish festival of Passover. It was a common practice for Jews to travel to Jerusalem during this time.
Jerusalem was in the Roman province of Judea.
When Jesus comes a second time there will be a new Jerusalem.
none.
Joseph of Arimathea was located in Jerusalem at the time of Jesus' crucifixion.