Peter
The capital of Judea during Jesus' time was Jerusalem.
The temple that was destroyed during the time of Jesus' death was the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
King Soloman
Solomons temple
Aramaic, Ancient Greek, and Latin would have been the dominant languages in Jerusalem during Jesus' life.
Simon of Cyrene happened to be in Jerusalem at the time of the crucifixion of Jesus. It is not explicitly stated why he was there, but it was likely due to his religious pilgrimage for the Jewish festival of Passover. It was a common practice for Jews to travel to Jerusalem during this time.
Jerusalem was in the Roman province of Judea.
Jerusalem
John records Jesus' visits to Jerusalem, particularly at the times of the Passover feasts.
When Jesus comes a second time there will be a new Jerusalem.
none.
Joseph of Arimathea was located in Jerusalem at the time of Jesus' crucifixion.