cosmonauts were the Soviet equivalent to the USA astronauts .
People born in the Soviet Union before it broke up can call themselves Soviets if the want, but their nationality is that of the the country they were born in when it was part of the Soviet Union. For example, a 40-year-old born in the Ukraine state of the Soviet Union is Ukrainian, but free to call themself a Soviet.
because the USA was falling behind the soviet union in space knowledge
The rocket that sent Sputnik 1 into space is the SPUTNIK - PS by the former Soviet Union(now Russia).
Well, a soviet is a council, usually making decisions based on the opinions of the people. The country was made up of republics united, which were socialist in government. United socialist republics under a supreme soviet of the people, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR, Soviet Union.
Those who were involved in the pioneer exploration of space, in the former Soviet Union, call their space travelers cosmonauts.
An Iron Curtain
In November 1918, the "government" in the sense of the name of the country became the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. In 1922, after joining with Ukraine, Belorussia and the Transcaucasus Federation, it became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Soviet Union.
On the 4th of October 1957, the Soviet Union sent Sputnik into orbit. A month later the Soviets would send Laika, First living creature (a dog) in orbit around the Earth. The Americans thinking that they were years ahead of the Soviets had a nice little wake up call.
He represented the USSR or Soviet Union whatever you want to call it. USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) That country is now called Russia.
Its full title was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, often shortened to the Soviet Union. Westerners tended to call it "Soviet Russia", not realising the sensitivities involved.
The Soviet Union was an assembly of Socialist states dating from the 1920s to its eventual dissolution in 1991. Although the Soviet Union and Russia are not the same place, Moscow, the Russian capital was the centre of the Soviet government with Leningrad (St. Petersburg), another Russian city, serving as in many instances the 2nd most influential city. Additionally, the Russian Revolutionaries that dissolved the Russian monarchy in 1917, led by Vladimir Illyich (Lenin), known as the Bolsheviks, would lead the eventual assembly and creation of the USSR (Soviet Union)
We westerners referred to them as "Soviets" although most called them Russians. The politically correct people of the USSR referred to themselves as "Soviets" although they usually referred to themselves by their pre-revolutionary ethnic identity.