Hard rubber.
No, a bike tire pump cannot be used to inflate car tires because car tires require a higher pressure than what a bike pump can provide. It is recommended to use a proper car tire pump for inflating car tires.
The best tires for a small car would be the ones that the car manufacturer recommends you use on the car. If you keep good tires on your car and check them every now and then you will get better gas mileage.
Yes
Race car tires are super sticky. And when I say sticky I mean like GOO. A pebble pushed onto the smooth tread will STICK there. These tires are not legal for street use.
Yes, the type of tires always matter when it comes to a car. The tread on the tires depend on how it grips the road and depending on which type of tire you have determines how well the car handles on the highway.
While it is good to use tires with the same tread and sizes, it is possible to use tires with different tread patterns, though you should be careful as the performance of the two tires may be different, causing your car to be unbalanced, endangering your passengers.
more than likely, its the front tires if a front wheel drive.
they are filled up with regular air that our tires use but some cheaters in monster truck racing fill their tires up with water to make sure they land on all fours.
Check local places first. I do not recommended starting with a brand name shop. Often the prices are very expensive. The only requirement that is important when purchasing your new tires is that they correspond to the car you are purchasing. Do not buy tires that are not the correct size for your car.
Yes, if you install the correct tires and use 16" rims/wheels as well. Install tires that end up giving you the same overall diameter as the OEM 15" tires. You can use a tire size calculator to determine the size tires you need.
Yes, you can use those tires without any problems.
Not recommended. You should use tires designated for trailer use only.