Ubuntu, Debian, Android, Gentoo.
Yes. Linux distributions that run on ARM processors can be run on a computer with a VIA 8505 processor.
Android is a Linux OS
There is nothing particularly unique about this notebook; any modern Linux distribution should be able to run on it without problems.
Yes. BackTrack is a Linux distribution that focuses on penetration testing and computer forensics.
Yes.
No, Ubuntu is part of Linux.
Usually some distribution of Linux. Go to NASA's supercomputing section of their website and you will see that their 2 supercomputers run SUSE Linux. There are other examples, but historically Unix or Linux are most popular.
8505 is composite.
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution (as in a specific OS setup with the Linux kernel.)
Puppy Linux is a lightweight Linux distribution that focuses on ease of use. The entire system can be run from RAM, allowing the boot medium to be removed after the operating system has started. It can be downloaded for free from the official website.
Yes.
Scientific Linux is a Linux distribution. It is a free and open source operating system and aims to be as close to the commercial enterprise distribution as possible.