God, the Torah, and the Prophets
Adonai
No. That applies mainly to Orthodox and Conservative Jews.
It's mainly Orthodox Jews who do that. It's part of prayer.
That the Torah is to be obeyed and is the word of God.
Jews do not believe in jesus christ at all.
I believe you are going for: Orthodox, Conservative, Reformed.
"Progressive" implies change. Orthodox Jews are those who believe in God and the Torah, and keep the commands of the Torah (Sabbath, Kashruth, etc.).
Orthodox Jews believe their way is the only "proper" way to practice Judaism. In most cases, it's considered brainwashing.
The answer completely depends on the Reform Jew you are talking about. Orthodox Jews follow all of the laws (no driving, cooking, etc) and some Reform Jews do the exact same thing.
The Reform Jews are not, strictly speaking, entirely Jewish anymore, whereas the Orthodox Jews are traditional and believe in the sanctity of the prayers and building.
That's mainly in the Ultra-Orthodox Jewish circles - especially in the Mea Shearim neighborhood in Jerusalem. They believe the Messiah hasn't arrived yet.
Orthodox Jews believe that the Temple will be rebuilt.