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This is a tricky question because of the way it is phrased. Atoms are the most fundamental unit of stable matter and are composed of varying amounts of protons, neutrons and electrons. In neutral atoms, there are as many positively-charged protons in the nucleus as there are negatively-charged electrons. An imbalance between the number of protons and electrons results in a charged ion. The charge is determined by how many more protons (for positively-charged cations) there are than electrons or for how many more electrons (for negatively-charged anions) there are than protons. Neutrons, found in the atom's nucleus, are present in equal or greater quantity than are protons but the relationship between their number and the number of protons is not fixed. The identity of the atom (hydrogen vs. chlorine vs. carbon, etc...) is determined solely by the number of protons present in the nucleus.

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