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See at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocaust
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∙ 15y ago
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How do you identify two effects of Roman rule?
You would need to find things which were not found in a country until the Romans took over, for instance hypocausts in buildings and straight roads.
How does a Roman Central Heating work?
They built chambers underneath the floors. Fires were built and the heat would fill the chambers under the floor. This would create radiant heat into the rooms from the floor. These were called hypocausts.
When was central heat first created?
Central heat was first used in 350 B.C., when the Greeks began building flues beneath building floors to heat rooms. The Romans developed more complex central heating systems called hypocausts.
Where the roman baths hot or cold?
they used to be hot, they stored rocks underneath the tub as the rocks got hot so did the bath. And it got even hotter when the naked Italian girls got in aswell!
How does the hypocaust system work?
The hypocaust is underneath the floor and pipes raise the floor so that the heat can pass through the room or building. Slaves put water or coal into the furness so that the hypocaust can get hotter or colder.
What does hypocaust mean?
It is Latin for Under (Hypo) Heat (Caust) It was the Roman method of underfloor heating. A hypocaust (Latin hypocaustum, Greek hypocauston) was an ancient Roman system of underfloor heating, used to heat houses with hot air. The word derives from the Ancient Greek hypo meaning "under" and caust-, meaning "burnt" (as in caustic). The Roman architect Vitruvius, writing about the end of the 1st century B.C., attributes their invention to Sergius Orata, but this is not fully confirmed. Hypocausts were used for heating hot baths (thermae), houses and other buildings, whether public or private. The floor was raised above the ground by pillars, called pilae stacks, with a layer of tiles then a layer of concrete then another of tiles on top; and spaces were left inside the walls so that hot air and smoke from the furnace would pass through these enclosed areas and out of flues in the roof, thereby heating but not polluting the interior of the room. Ceramic box tiles were placed inside the walls to both remove the hot burned air, and also to heat the walls. Rooms requiring the most heat were placed closest to the furnace, whose heat could be increased by adding more wood to the fire. It was labour-intensive to run a hypocaust as it required constant attention to tend the fire, and expensive in fuel, so it was a feature of the villa and public baths.
How did the people in the middle ages heat their homes?
How did Romans heat their homes?Rich Romans liked to be warm and cosy. They had central heating at home, in villas and in public baths. The heating system was kept going by slaves, who kept a fire blazing in a furnace to heat warm air. The warm air moved around the building through spaces under the floors and between the walls. The underfloor space was made by raising the floor on top of piles of tile or stone. The Roman heating system was called a hypocaust.
How did Tudor people heat their houses?
Most medieval buildings either did not have heat or were heated with fires built on hearths or in braziers. The fires were usually in the middles of rooms, and the smoke rose to a hole in the roof or was vented through large, open vents under the gables. Obviously, this could not be done in smaller rooms, so the great halls were built, which could be heated in this way. Sometimes fires had smoke canopies above them, which gathered the smoke for venting. This made it more practical to build fires against the stone walls, and was useful for heating smaller rooms, though such rooms could not have higher rooms with windows above the smoke vents. During Roman times, some buildings were heated with systems called hypocausts, which distributed the heat through duct work under the floor. A similar system was used in medieval Spain, where it was called a gloria. These systems were expensive and not in widespread use in the Middle Ages. Later, chimneys were invented in the 11th or 12th century. This made it possible for large buildings to have many smaller rooms, each heated by a fireplace. Such buildings were much more comfortable, but they were also very expensive to build and the chimneys needed to be maintained by regular cleaning, so few people could afford such luxury. The earliest extant example of a chimney is in a building of 1185, Conisborough Keep in Yorkshire. People dressed warmly. There are links below.
Who was the first person to perform plastic surgery on a patient?
The father of modern plastic surgery is generally considered to have been Sir Harold Gillies. A New Zealand otolaryngologist working in London, he developed many of the techniques of modern facial surgery in caring for soldiers suffering from disfiguring facial injuries during the First World War.Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the "correction" or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns.Treatments for the plastic repair of a broken nose are first mentioned in the Edwin Smith Papyrus, a transcription of an Ancient Egyptian medical text, the oldest known surgical treatise, dated to the Old Kingdom from 3000 to 2500 BC. Reconstructive surgery techniques were being carried out in India by 800 BC. Sushruta was a physician that made important contributions to the field of plastic and cataract surgery in 6th century BC. The medical works of both Sushruta and Charak originally in Sanskrit were translated into the Arabic language during the Abbasid Caliphate in 750 AD. The Arabic translations made their way into Europe via intermediaries. In Italy the Branca family of Sicily and Gaspare Tagliacozzi (Bologna) became familiar with the techniques of Sushruta.Joseph Constantine Carpue spent 20 years in India studying local plastic surgery methods. Carpue was able to perform the first major surgery in the Western world by 1815. Instruments described in the Sushruta Samhita were further modified in the Western world.Refer to link below for more information.
What did roman culture bring to the British isles?
Other Romans and tribal people from Europe. The idea of central heating, Hypocausts. The concept of the mile. The Latin language which remained the language of educated people ever since. DNA from all over Europe, the mid east and northern Africa. The ideas for Theaters and Colosseums and Stadia and public baths. Many of the concepts of law we still adhere to.here's a list you brobaly won't readwinecatscleaning water (aquiducts)artarchitechurebathsindoor heatinghygenelaw and ordersewers (that still stand)governmentfoodculturedoctors (that don't just cut your leg off)currency (money)ECT...there are some more but i forgothope it helped
What is a 10 letter word that starts with c and ends with s?
There are many: cablecasts cablegrams cadaverous caesareans cafeterias calabashes calamities calamitous calculates calculuses calibrates caliphates camcorders campaniles candidates candidness cannabises cannonades canonicals cantaloups canvassers capacities capacitors caparisons capricious captivates carbonates carbuncles carcinomas cardsharps caregivers caretakers carjackers carnations carnelians carnivores carpenters carpetbags carrousels cartilages cartridges cartwheels caryatides casseroles castigates casualness casualties cataclysms catalogers catalogues catamarans catatonics catchwords catechises catechisms catechizes categories caterwauls cathartics cathedrals cauterizes cavalcades celebrants celebrates cemeteries censorious centigrams centipedes centurions ceremonies cessations chairlifts challenges chameleons chamomiles champagnes chanceries chaparrals chaperones characters charbroils charlatans chatterers chattiness chauffeurs checkbooks checklists checkmates checkrooms cheekbones cheekiness cheeriness chickadees chieftains chilblains childhoods chilliness chinstraps chivalrous chocolates choppiness chopsticks choristers chromatics chronicles chubbiness chuckholes chumminess chunkiness cicatrices cicatrixes cigarettes cigarillos circuitous circulates civilities clamminess clampdowns clapboards classifies classiness classmates classrooms clearances clematises cleverness clientèles clinicians clipboards clitorises cloakrooms clockworks cloudiness clubhouses clumsiness coagulants coagulates coalitions coarseness coastlines cockfights cockscombs coffeepots collations colleagues collectors collegians collieries collisions collocates colloquies colonizers colonnades colossuses columbines columnists combatants comeliness comforters commanders commandoes commingles commissars committals committees commodious commodores commotions communions communists compactors companions complaints components composites compresses concierges concourses concubines condensers condiments conditions conductors confessors confidants configures confusions congresses coniferous conjugates connectors conquerors conscripts consonants constables constrains constricts constructs consulates consumings contagions contagious containers contenders contiguous continents continuous continuums contraltos contraries contusions conundrums converters cooperates copyrights corkscrews cormorants cornflakes cornstalks coronaries corpuscles correlates corrosives corrugates coruscates cosmonauts cosponsors costliness cotillions cotyledons councilors counselors countdowns countesses courageous courtesans courtesies courtrooms courtships courtyards crabbiness crackdowns craftiness crankcases crankiness crawfishes crayfishes creameries creaminess creepiness cremations crescendos cricketers crinolines crisscross criterions criticisms criticizes crocodiles croissants croquettes crossbeams crossbones crossfires crossovers crossroads crosswalks crosswords crucifixes cruciforms cryogenics cubbyholes culminates cultivates currencies currycombs curvaceous curvatures custodians customizes cutthroats cyberpunks cyclotrons
10 letter word ending with s and fourth letter is o?
absorbants, absorbents, accordions, acrobatics, acrophobes, admonishes, adroitness, adsorbates, adsorbents, advocacies, advocators, aerobatics, aerobioses, aerobiosis, aerobrakes, aerodromes, aerologies, aerometers, aeronomers, aeronomies, aeroplanes, aerospaces, agrologies, agronomies, alcoholics, algologies, algorithms, allocators, allogamies, allogamous, allografts, allographs, allomorphs, allophanes, allophones, allosaurus, allotments, allotropes, allotypies, allowances, ammoniates, ammonifies, amyotonias, andouilles, annotators, announcers, annoyances, antonymies, antonymous, apiologies, appointees, apportions, arboretums, areologies, arrogances, arrowheads, arrowroots, arrowwoods, arrowworms, ascorbates, ascospores, associates, assonances, astonishes, atmometers, atrocities, autobusses, autoclaves, autoecious, autoecisms, autogamies, autogamous, autogenies, autogenous, autografts, autographs, autologous, automakers, automatics, automatons, autonomies, autonomous, autopilots, autoroutes, autotomies, autotomous, autotrophs, autotypies, auxotrophs, axiologies, azeotropes, barographs, barometers, baronesses, basophiles, belongings, belowdecks, binoculars, bloodbaths, bloodiness, bloodlines, bloodroots, bloodsheds, bloodworms, bloomeries, bolometers, briolettes, broodiness, broodmares, broomballs, broomcorns, broomrapes, bryologies, bryophytes, cacodemons, cajoleries, canonesses, canonicals, cetologies, cheongsams, chloracnes, chlordanes, chlorellas, chromatics, chromatids, chromatins, chromogens, chronaxies, chronicles, cocoonings, cocounsels, cofounders, colocynths, colonizers, colonnades, colosseums, colossuses, colostrums, colotomies, comonomers, conominees, copolymers, coronaries, coyotillos, crookbacks, crookeries, crooknecks, cryogenics, cryogenies, cryoprobes, cryoscopes, cymophanes, cytogenies, cytokinins, cytologies, cytolysins, cytoplasms, cytotoxins, decoctions, decollates, decolletes, decomposes, decompress, decongests, decontrols, decorators, decoupages, defocusses, defoliants, defoliates, deionizers, demolishes, demonesses, denouncers, depolishes, depositors, desolaters, desolators, detonators, detoxifies, devoutness, dimorphous, disobeyers, disobliges, disorients, doronicums, doxologies, durometers, echolalias, ectomorphs, ectoplasms, ectotherms, effortless, elbowrooms, encomiasts, encounters, encourages, endocrines, endodermis, endogamies, endogamous, endogenies, endogenous, endolymphs, endomorphs, endophytes, endoplasms, endorphins, endoscopes, endosmoses, endosperms, endospores, endostyles, endotherms, endotoxins, endowments, enjoyments, ensorcells, entoprocts, entourages, ergographs, ergometers, ergonomics, eriophyids, ethologies, etiologies, eulogizers, excoriates, exfoliates, expositors, expounders, extolments, extortions, famousness, ferocities, fetologies, fetoscopes, floodgates, fluoresces, fluorspars, gasometers, gemologies, gloominess, gonococcus, gonophores, gonorrheas, gulosities, gynophores, gyroplanes, gyroscopes, haloclines, halogenous, halogetons, halophiles, halophytes, halothanes, hemolymphs, hemolysins, hemoptyses, hemoptysis, hemostases, hemostasis, heroinisms, hodoscopes, holocausts, hologamies, holographs, hologynies, homogamies, homogamous, homogenies, homogenous, homogonies, homografts, homographs, homologies, homologous, homologues, homonymies, homonymous, homophobes, homophones, homozygous, honoraries, honorifics, horologies, horoscopes, hylozoisms, hylozoists, hypoblasts, hypocausts, hypocotyls, hypocrites, hypodermis, hypogynies, hypogynous, hypomanias, hypomorphs, hypophyses, hypophysis, hypoploids, hypostases, hypostasis, hypostomes, hypostyles, hypotheses, hypothesis, hypotonias, hypoxemias, ideographs, ideologies, ideologues, idioblasts, ignominies, ignorances, immolators, immovables, impolicies, importunes, impostumes, impostures, impotences, incognitas, incognitos, incommodes, indolences, informants, inholdings, innocences, innovators, inpourings, insolences, insolubles, insolvents, insomniacs, involucres, ionophores, isooctanes, jaborandis, jocoseness, jocosities, joyousness, kilocycles, kilojoules, kiloliters, kilometers, kymographs, lagomorphs, lanosities, lemongrass, lidocaines, limousines, linoleates, lipomatous, lobotomies, logographs, logogriphs, logorrheas, logotypies, loxodromes, lysogenies, mahoganies, majordomos, majorettes, majorities, malodorous, manoeuvres, manometers, masochisms, masochists, mayoresses, melodizers, melodramas, memoirists, memorizers, menologies, menopauses, merozoites, mesogloeas, mesomorphs, mesopauses, mesophylls, mesophytes, metonymies, minorities, minoxidils, misogamies, misogynies, misologies, misoneisms, misorients, mitomycins, mixologies, monoamines, monochords, monoclines, monocoques, monoculars, monodramas, monoecious, monoecisms, monoesters, monogamies, monogamous, monogenies, monographs, monogynies, monogynous, monolayers, monologies, monologues, monomanias, monometers, monoplanes, monoploids, monopodies, monopolies, monorchids, monorhymes, monosomics, monosomies, monosteles, monotonies, monotonous, monotremes, moronities, moroseness, morosities, motorbikes, motorboats, motorbuses, motorcades, mucosities, mycofloras, mycologies, mycophiles, mycotoxins, myrobalans, myxomatous, naboberies, nabobesses, nanometers, nanoteslas, negotiants, negotiates, nemophilas, nicotianas, nodosities, nomographs, nomologies, nonobvious, nosologies, notochords, novocaines, obsolesces, octonaries, octoploids, octothorps, odiousness, oecologies, oenologies, oenophiles, oesophagus, oinologies, oleographs, oleoresins, oncologies, onionskins, ontogenies, ontologies, opposeless, opsonifies, osmometers, otioseness, otiosities, paloverdes, paronymous, pedologies, pedometers, pedophiles, penologies, picofarads, pilosities, piroplasms, pirouettes, polonaises, pomologies, porosities, porousness, posologies, potometers, preordains, prioresses, priorities, priorships, proofreads, proofrooms, puromycins, pyrologies, pyrolyzers, pyromanias, pyrometers, pyroxylins, raconteurs, ramosities, razorbacks, razorbills, rebounders, recodifies, recognises, recognizes, recoilless, recoinages, recollects, recombines, recommends, recompiles, recomposes, recomputes, reconciles, reconfirms, reconnects, reconquers, recontacts, recontours, reconvenes, reconverts, reconvicts, recordings, recordists, recounters, recoverers, recoveries, redolences, refocusses, reformates, reformisms, reformists, rejoicings, rejoinders, relocatees, remodifies, remoistens, remoteness, renotifies, renouncers, renovators, repolishes, reportages, resolvents, resonances, resonators, retouchers, rheologies, rheometers, rimosities, rugosities, salometers, sapodillas, sapogenins, saponifies, savoriness, saxophones, scholiasts, schoolbags, schoolboys, schoolings, schoolkids, scrofulous, scrootches, scroungers, seborrheas, serologies, serosities, serotinous, serotonins, sexologies, sinologies, sinologues, sitologies, smoothness, snootiness, sojourners, solonchaks, solonetses, solonetzes, sonorities, soporifics, sororities, spooferies, spookeries, spookiness, spoonbills, stoopballs, strongyles, strontiums, stroudings, sudorifics, sycophants, synonymies, synonymous, synopsizes, synostoses, synostosis, tamoxifens, taxonomies, tchotchkes, telophases, tenotomies, theodicies, theogonies, theologies, theologues, theonomies, theonomous, theorizers, thiophenes, thromboses, thrombosis, throttlers, throwaways, throwbacks, throwsters, tocologies, tokologies, tonometers, tonoplasts, topologies, toponymies, torosities, troopships, turophiles, tutoresses, tutorships, typographs, typologies, tyrocidins, uncoatings, unconcerns, unconfuses, uncouplers, unholiness, unworthies, upholsters, uproarious, vagotomies, vagotonias, vaporettos, vaporizers, vaporwares, vasospasms, vasotocins, vasotomies, velocities, velodromes, venosities, vigorishes, vinosities, virologies, wagonettes, widowhoods, xenogamies, xenogenies, xenografts, xenophiles, xenophobes, xerophytes, xylographs, xylophones, xylotomies, zygosities, zygospores, zymologies
