they use probability
It describes the most likely locations of electrons in atoms.
Ernest Rutherford is the scientist who discovered that atoms have a positive charge. Through his gold foil experiment, he found that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus at their center, surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
They use a Periodic Table.
When electrons were discovered, scientists inferred that neutral atoms contain positive charges because electrons have a negative charge and atoms were found to be neutral overall. This led to the conclusion that atoms must contain positively charged particles to balance out the negative charges of electrons, thus making atoms electrically neutral.
Friedrich Hund was a German physicist known for his work on understanding atomic structure, particularly the arrangement of electrons within atoms. He developed the "Hund's rules," which describe how electrons fill orbitals in atoms and molecules. These rules helped to explain and predict the behavior of electrons in atoms, advancing our understanding of atomic theory.
spectroscope.....find out what kind of atoms are giving off light energy
Niels Bohr discovered that the light released by atoms of gases is related to the energy of electrons. He proposed the atomic model that states electrons orbit around the nucleus in discrete energy levels, which explains the different light emissions observed from atoms.
This scientist is Niels Bohr, who proposed the Bohr model of the atom. He likened the motion of electrons around the nucleus to planets orbiting the sun in defined, circular paths. This model helped explain the stability of atoms and the emission of discrete energy levels.
Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical compound. It helps predict how electrons are shared in a bond between atoms; more electronegative atoms attract electrons more strongly, resulting in uneven sharing. This property plays a key role in determining the polarity of molecules.
True. Electronegativity is indeed defined as a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond. It helps to predict the polarity of bonds between atoms.
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom that are involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms. They determine the atom's reactivity and ability to form compounds. The number of valence electrons can also be used to predict an element's chemical properties.
By examining the number of electrons in each atom's outer shell and their tendency to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This can be determined by looking at the atom's position on the periodic table and understanding its bonding behavior. Ultimately, molecules are formed when atoms come together through chemical bonds to achieve a more stable state.