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Receptor Proteins
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How can signal molecules remain outside of cells but still create changes in activity inside cells?
Signal molecules can bind to specific receptors on the cell surface, which triggers a series of signaling events inside the cell. This can lead to changes in enzyme activity, gene expression, or cellular processes. The signal molecules do not need to enter the cell to create these changes as the signaling events are often propagated through complex cascades of cellular machinery.
What cells provide for the sense of smell?
Olfactory receptor cells located in the nasal epithelium are responsible for detecting smells. When odor molecules bind to these receptor cells, they trigger a signal that is sent to the brain for interpretation.
Signal molecules bind to?
specific receptor proteins on the surface of target cells, triggering a cellular response. This binding initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to changes in the cell's behavior or function. The specificity of the interaction between the signal molecule and its receptor ensures that only the appropriate cells respond to the signal.
Do cells respond to every signal Explain?
A cell may have a different type of receptor that can only bind to one chemical messenger. The effect of the chemical messenger on the cell is dependent on the type of receptor that it binds to. For example, acetylcholine can bind to a nicotinic cholinergic receptor on a neuromuscular junction and cause an excitatory response, but acetylcholine can also bind to a muscarinic cholinergic receptor on the heart's cardiac muscle which can be either excitatory/inhibitory.
The receptors for smell are activated when?
dissolved odorants bind to the receptors in the cilium membranes.
Are hormones target molecules or signal molecules?
Hormones affect target cells because target cells have receptors that bind with certain hormones (they're specific). If a cell does not have a receptor then it is not affected by hormones. Target cells (which do have the receptor for a particular hormone) would be affected by the hormone.
Why do simple covalent molecules have a smell?
Simple covalent molecules have a smell because they can bind to receptors in our nose, triggering a signal to the brain that we interpret as a smell. Different molecules bind to different receptors, leading to a variety of smells. The specific shape and chemical properties of the molecule determine which receptors it can bind to, creating the perception of smell.
Where is it likely that you will find the receptor molecules for chemical signal?
neuron cells
What molecule binds to the receptor to start the reaction inside the cell?
Cells have proteins called receptors that bind to signaling molecules and initiate a response.Different receptors are specific for different molecules. That means that they will respond only to that signal. Your eyes respond to light but your ears do not.There are hundreds of receptor types found in cells, and varying cell types have different populations of receptors.
Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
Small hydrophobic molecules like steroid hormones can diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, which then translocate into the nucleus to regulate gene expression.
Hydrophobic signal molecules can interact with what intracellular receptors?
Hydrophobic signal molecules can interact with intracellular receptors, such as nuclear receptors and cytoplasmic receptors. These receptors are typically located inside the cell and can directly bind the hydrophobic signal molecules, leading to changes in gene expression and cellular function.
Where is the signal to transferred to the association nerve cells?
The signal comes from the brain, down the spinal cord, and down to the nerve cells that need to send the stimulus signal. The signal also runs vice versa, up the spinal cord and into the brain.
