The ++ in C++ refers to the postfix increment operator (operator++()). It's literal meaning is "the successor to C", in reference to the C language upon which the C++ language is based.
Of course they are used. Both stand-alone and class-member functions are used in C++.
two quavers in a crotchet
cup
no
sum = a + b + c;
With two threads.
No.
Constant data and constant functions.
There is none. While you can access databases from C++, the two concepts are fundamentally different.
If these expressions are stand-alone (not nested), then they do the same thing, ie increment 'n'.
b+b+b+c+c+c+c =3b+4c
There are two.