Israelis
People from Israel are called Israelis.
Rav.
Israelis.
(Referring to modern Israel): Israelis. (Referring to the Children of Israel of The Bible): Jews.
children of israel
Israel
(Referring to modern Israel): Israelis. (Referring to the Children of Israel of the Bible): Jews.
Children of Israel.
Answer 1There is no Israel its Palestine.Answer 2It depends on the Muslim. Most Arab-Israelis are Muslim and call the State of Israel as "Israel", even if they object to the policies of that state (like Hanin Zoabi). Additionally, most Muslim intellectuals in Western countries or liberal leanings call the area Israel. Most Muslims outside of Israel call the land "Palestine" and call the government "the Zionist Entity" or the "Jewish State".
The Jewish people used to be called Israel, until the political state was established. You can call them the chosen people, or simply 'Jews', in the same way that you would call Mormons 'Mormons'.
Almost all Jews (including those in Israel) will not mention the name of Jesus Christ. They usually call Him "This man." or other non-nominative pronouns.
Due to its policy of building walls to keep the non-jews away from the jews, some people call it "Apartheid Israel".