The solar system includes planets, asteroids, comets and other objects such
as the" Kuiper Belt" objects.
orbiting the sun
raditon
A small spherical object orbiting the sun would be called a planet, asteroid, or comet, depending on its characteristics and orbit.
Yes the sun does have moons, and we are on one of them now. A moon is just an object orbiting another and so since we and the other planets are orbiting the sun we are the sun's moons.
When an object orbiting the Sun is at its closest distance to the Sun, it is said to be in perihelion.
The Solar System
An apsis is a recess or projection, with a dome or vault, at the east end of a church.
An object that circles another object is said to be in orbit around it. The object being circled is typically larger and exerts a gravitational force that keeps the circling object in its path. Examples of such objects include the Moon orbiting the Earth and planets orbiting the Sun.
The Sun and Moon and thus any other spacial object either orbiting us or we are orbiting it.
asteroid
There is no scientific term for everything in space, other than "everything." As for objects orbiting a star, a satellite is an object orbiting a larger object. A moon is a planet's satellite, as a planet is often a star's satellite, and a star is often the satellite of a galactic core (often a black hole). A common term for objects orbiting the sun (designation Sol) is "Celestial Bodies" or "Heavenly Bodies." This is not, however, an accurate term, as space is not 'heaven,' or 'celestial,' and 'bodies' imply set and indivisible objects. Therefore, satellites is the best term for "All the space objects orbiting the sun."
No, it is orbiting our Earth, which is orbiting our Sun.