local variable
When you acess a global variable inside main function you must use the same name, because the variable declared as global can be accessed by any function/procedure on the class where it was defined.
variable exit within a function and curly braces is local variable int main() { int x; }
No the two work together REALLY
Call by value it's a mechanism to design to pass arguments to functions. When you call by value a variable within the list of argument of function, it means you ask to provide a copy of the variable. And if it happens that you change the variable within your function, it's not gong to change the original variable.
Use the "static" keyword to declare a static variable within a function like shown below. <?php function fun() { static $variable; static $another_variable = ''; } ?>
Yes, passing a variable by reference gives you a pointer to the original variable, meaning you can change its value from within the function being called and the change will affect the original variable.
If the variable is declared within the function body, it is a local variable, one that is local to the function. Local variables fall from scope when the function returns, they are only accessible within the function. However, local variables can be returned by value, which creates an automatic variable that is returned to the caller. If the caller does not store the return value, the automatic variable falls from scope when the expression containing the function call ends. However, the expression may evaluate the return value without storing it. Note that functions cannot return local variables by reference since the local variable falls from scope when the function returns. If the variable is passed as an argument to the function, then the variable is a parameter of the function. Arguments may be passed by value or by reference, depending upon the function signature. Passing by value means the function parameter is a copy of the argument (if the argument is an object, the object's copy constructor is invoked automatically). Thus any changes made to the parameter within the function are not reflected in the argument that was originally passed, and the parameter will fall from scope when the function returns. However, the value of the parameter can be returned as previously explained. Passing by reference means the function parameter refers directly to the argument that was passed. Thus any changes made to the parameter are reflected in the argument. Parameters that are declared as constant references assure the caller that the reference's immutable members will not be altered by the function. If the parameter is a non-const reference but the caller does not wish changes to be reflected in the argument, the caller should pass a copy of the argument instead.
The function you are referring to is likely the SUM function in spreadsheet software like Excel or Google Sheets. This function allows you to add the values in a range of cells either vertically (above the active cell) or horizontally (to the left of the active cell) by specifying the range within the function.
That sounds a lot like a critical point to me.
A global declaration of a function or variable is a declaration that is at the global scope of the program, not inside another function. This means that the name will be visible within all functions in the program.
Register variables are stored in register of microprocessor/micro-controller. The read/write access to register variable is the fastest because CPU never need any memory BUS operation to access these variable. Auto variable are stored in stack thus access are much slower. Auto variable can be converted to register by using register keyword before it. It has platform specific limitation. Register variable will work only if free registers are available to hold the variable for a function scope. In case of Microprocessor or microcontrollers having very less number of general purpose registers will never take register variable even if we declare it as register.
Scope of a variable is the lines of code from which it can be seen and/or manipulated. Scope can be thought of as visibility, because a variable's scope is where it is visible from. A variable declared within a function (or any block, for that matter) has scope only within that block. It is visible within that block, and from within any contained block, but not from within any containing (outer) blocks. However, it should be noted that if a variable's name is reused in a nested declaration, then the outer variable loses scope within that block. As a result, you can reuse, for instance, the variable "i" within a new block without compromising any use outside that block.