A Dot-And-Cross Diagram only shows the outer layer of the covalent bond's electrons.
Valence electrons.
Electrons in the outermost energy level are called valence electrons. The number of valence electrons on an atom largely determine its behavior and characteristics.
valence
The name is ion.
An ion. If electrons are in excess over proton then it is negative ion. And if less then positive ion
It is called Oxidation number.
uncharged
All atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, but an atom with a different number of protons and neutrons is called and isotope
When the number of electrons and protons are not the same in an atom, it becomes an ion. An atom becomes positively charged if it loses electrons (more protons than electrons), and negatively charged if it gains electrons (more electrons than protons).
In a "normal" atom, the number of electrons equal the number of protons. Many atoms, however, have missing or extra electrons, giving these atoms positive or negative charges, which we call ions.
Electrons do not call appliances anything. They have no way of communicating with the appliance.
Atomic number and it also tells the number of protons and electrons in an atom it is on top of the element symbol.