Rupture or fault.
Tectonics.
Mountains
The lithosphere.
Yes it is call a crust 😁
Volcano or shield volcano.
Butt face
PLATES
When the earth's crust splits apart and a ravine is formed, it is called a rift valley. Rift valleys are created by the stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust, often associated with tectonic plate movements or volcanic activity. Examples of rift valleys include the East African Rift and the Rhine Valley in Europe.
The Earths crust is approximately 650 km deep.
The layer of solid unbroken rocks in the Earth's crust is called the lithosphere.
The sudden vibration in the plates inside the crust causes the earths crust to rise & fall.
Rift