either potential or kinetic
Heat of fusion.
energy
The energy needed to change a material from solid to liquid is called the heat of fusion or melting point. This energy is required to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the solid together so that it can transition into a liquid state. The amount of energy needed varies depending on the specific material.
No, totally independent
You can add heat and cause liquid to gasify. Or you can decrease the pressure in the system and cause liquid to gasify. Note that you may gasify liquid and leave suspended or dissolved solids behind. More heat or pressure may be required to convert these remnants to liquid and then gas.
Heat energy, usually. However, some substances will change states under the influence of UV or other radiation.AnswerThe energy needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid is called the 'latent heat of fusion', or just the 'heat of fusion'. It is equal to the amount of energy or heat given off by the same material to change it from a liquid back into a solid.Each material has its own heat of fusion. Take solid water (ice) at 0o Celsius, the freezing point. Water's heat of fusion is 79.71 calories per gram. That means that you will need to add 79.71 calories of heat to each gram of ice (solid water) to turn it into liquid water. Interestingly, once that's done, the water will still be at 0o Celsius! The heat was used just to change the water's state from solid to liquid. Once the ice is liquid, then any more heat added will increase the temperature of the liquid, and each calorie of heat will increase the water's temperature about 1o Celsius.This is a similar concept to a material's 'heat of vaporization', which is the amount of energy required to change a liquid to a gas.The amount of heat necessary to change a substance from a solid to a liquid or vice versa is commonly called the heat of fusion. It is more properly known as the standard enthalpy of fusion, or also the latent heat of fusion, or the enthalpy change of fusion. The specific temperature at which the change occurs is defined as the melting point of that substance. A link can be found below.The amount of energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a solid to a liquid is the heat of fusion. A change in which a system absorbs energy from its surroundings is endothermic change.
Water would require the least amount of energy to change 1kg from a solid to a liquid because it has a lower melting point compared to the other materials listed (ethanol, aluminum, propane).
It is the latent heat of liquefaction.
endothermic
The amount of energy needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid is called the latent heat of fusion. This value differs for different substances, but for water, it is 334 joules per gram, while for propane it is 93 joules per gram.
The phase change where the greatest amount of energy is absorbed by 1 gram of water is during the transition from liquid to gas, known as vaporization or boiling. This process requires a significant amount of heat energy to break the intermolecular bonds and change the water molecules from a liquid state to a gaseous state.
Heat of Vaporization