The time it takes a planet or satellite to revolve once is called its day.
One round trip around the sun is called a "YEAR".
The path that the planet follows is simply called the orbit. Orbit can mean 'to revolve around the sun' or it can be referred to as the path itself, e.g. 'Earth is following its orbit.'
Depends on whether or not you call Pluto a Planet. If so, yes Pluto. Which takes around 248 earth days to orbit the sun. If not, it's Neptune. Which takes 165 earth days to orbit the sun.
There is no possible sugested name for an old planet.
Mars is known as the Red Planet. When aliens speak of Earth they call it the Blue Planet.
A year
The earth takes 365 days to revolve around the sun.
One round trip around the sun is called a "YEAR".
Planets orbit stars. Our planet (earth) orbits a star we call the sun.
This is called the Lunar Month.
Planets revolve around Stars. The planets in our Solar system (the Earth, etc.) revolve around the Sun.
They call Pluto the double planet because rather than Charon simply orbiting Pluto, the two objects revolve around their common center of mass, which lies outside of Pluto.
-- The sun rotates on its axis, in periods ranging from 26 to 32 days depending on the latitude of the material doing the rotating ... since the sun is not solid, there's no reason that all of it must rotate at the same rate. -- All of the planets revolve around the sun, each one in a different amount of time. The farther a planet is from the sun, the longer it takes to revolve around it. -- It takes the Earth roughly 365 1/4 days to revolve around the sun. We call that amount of time a "year", an "año", a "shanah", etc., depending on where we live.
revolution
Rotational period or day
In rounded numbers, 365.25636 days. It's the period of time we call a "year".
We call that path the "orbit" of the orbiting body. Note: You would not ever see a planet orbiting another planet. At least, if you did, you would not call them both planets.