What we can learn from the gnostic gospels is what perhaps as many as half the earliest Christians believed. Such knowledge is important for historians and biblical scholars, as well as interesting in its own right, but much of it is heresy today.
None of the 4 Gospels - Matthew, Mark, Luke and John - are part of the 52 ancient texts written in circa 2th to the 4th centuries A.D.. These gnostic writings are part of the New Testament 'apocrypha.'
It is one of many Gnostic gospels, which are false gospels produced by people who were Gnostics, an early religious cult. See the Related Link below.
The banned Gnostic Gospels were found in Nag Hammadi, Egypt in 1945. These ancient texts include the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Mary, and the Gospel of Judas, among others, providing alternative accounts of Jesus' teachings and early Christian beliefs.
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Yes there are ones like the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of Mary. These are known as Gnostic Gospels. See link provided below for more detailed information.
The New Testament was originally written in Greek although there are older Gnostic Gospels written in Coptic (Egyptian).
They don't say anything about Catholics, because there was no Catholic church as such at the time.
The Bible. It says specifically that it is the word of God. Just make sure it actually is the bible, watch out for the gnostic gospels.
St. Andrew (brother of Simon Peter) was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus none of whom were gnostics. Scholars generally date the gnostic gopels to the early-mid 2nd century, long after Jesus and the apostles (including St. Andrew) were dead. The gnostic gospels (e.g., gospel of Thomas, etc.) were written by others over a century later.
The Gospel of Mary was attributed to Mary Magdalene, but is really a Gnostic gospel, probably written in the second century.
The Gnostic Gospels were not banned but were not included in the final selection of texts that formed the New Testament of the Christian Bible. This decision was made by early church leaders due to theological differences and concerns about their authenticity and doctrinal teachings.
A Gospel of Judas Iscariot appears to have been in use among the Cainites, an early Gnostic sect. The Gospel was also mentioned by Irenaeus. However, it should be remembered that all the gospels, even those now in the Bible, were not really written by the disciples to whom they were attributed - so Judas Iscariot did not really write anything. One branch of Christianity came to dominate and was the branch that selected the gospels that it would include in its Bible. With the possible exception of John's Gospel, it did not include any Gnostic gospels.