Astronomers can infer the mass of a galaxy from the rate at which it rotates. The visible, glowing matter in galaxies (i.e., the stars) do not account for the amount of matter which we know must be there, hence we conclude that there is some additional matter which we do not see because it does not glow, or in other words is dark. Beyond that, we don't know very much about dark matter.
We know "dark matter is present because it affects the world in ways I do not know of.
No, Einstein did not know about dark matter during his lifetime. The concept of dark matter was not proposed until the 1930s, after Einstein's major contributions to the field of physics.
Standard physics and chemistry are based on the energy and matter that we know. We do not know much about dark energy or dark matter, but only that it may exist.
It is currently unknown as scientists do not even know what dark matter is.
The only similarity we know of is that they all seem to interact with gravity. Aside from that, scientists do not know what dark matter is.
We don't really know very much about dark matter, so most of its properties (like how it feels) are not known.
Dark matter is matter that does not interact via the electromagnetic force. We don't really know what dark matter is, exactly; there are several possibilities. We know that it interacts via gravity, meaning it has mass. It may, or may not, or SOME of it may, interact via the weak force as well.
If all thing things pass through a worm hole. We have dark matter all over. How can it not past through a singletary. If you take all that we know about time. We always had a missing pieces. Ok, no more bull I believe that Dark Matter is Time . Matter flows into the center of a black hole and we know that nothing can escape. But we have too know that Dark Matter has too also have to go through the black hole. What if we look at Black Matter as a part /or time it self. We can't say that we know what Dark Matter is. We can't say what Time is. What if they were both the same. We know that they can not be Separated. I believe one day that it's from a Black Hole that we will see the Time distortion between Dark Matter and a Gravity Well. Remember Dark Matter is Matter. We can't see it right now. Just like Time. But who's to say there not the same.
It is not currently know what exactly dark matter is made of. However, it is suspected to be some sort of particle.
We do not know as we have not found any dark matter to examine. The only way we detect it and know it exists is due to its gravitational attraction of the ordinary matter we can see. One speculation when neutrinos were discovered to have tiny nonzero masses was that dark matter might be neutrinos. Another speculation is that dark matter is only ordinary matter, but its in another separate universe in a shared higher dimensional spacetime. Nobody knows.
Not much is currently known about the structure of dark matter. For a start, it was never directly observed. There is only indirect evidence for dark matter. Therefore, it isn't know what types of structures it forms, if any.
None that I know of.