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In any radioactive substance, individual atoms will decay randomly. There is no way to know exactly when any particular atom will decay.

On average and in broad terms, however, we can predict how many atoms will decay in any given period of time, and this time varies with the isotope involved. The "half-life" of a radioactive substance is the time that it will take for half of the atoms to decay. Very radioactive isotopes will decay quickly and will have very short half-lives; slightly radioactive isotopes will decay slowly and have long half-lives.

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