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Scope determines the lifetime of non-static names, as well as the visibility of both static and non-static names, when constructors and destructors are called and when member variables are initialised. Names can be applied to any type of variable, including instances of a class (objects).

There are five distinct types of scope in C++:

  1. Local scope: names declared within a statement block are accessible only to that block and the blocks contained by it, from the point of declaration onwards. This includes the formal names of arguments to a function.
  2. Function scope: labels are the only names that have function scope.
  3. File scope or namespace scope: any name declared outwith all blocks and classes has file scope. Non-static names are usually referred to as global names.
  4. Class scope: Names of private class members have class scope, which includes friends of the class. Names of protected members extend their scope to derivatives of the class. Names of public members extend their scope outwith the class.
  5. Prototype scope: Names declared in a function prototype are only visible until the end of the prototype.
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