You need the other phase, and a new outlet. Answer Completely new wiring and a different type receptacle. 10/3 cable will be required which isn't exactly cheap. For a short run though....maybe $20 for a scrap piece. Answer Not to mention a new breaker is needed.
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Given that the question states "an" appliance - just one not a house-full - you don't have to go through all that rigmarole. You could use just a step-up transformer plugged into the wall socket - but ensure the earth continuity (unless using double-insulated appliances), power rating, and obviously connector types, are suitable.
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The heading photograph, incidentally, is of the UK pattern, 230V (used to be 240V) a.c. "mains" plug and switched-socket. The large, un-shrouded pin is the earth and also opens a simple mechanical safety-gate within the socket to give the live and neutral pins access to their receptacles. The gate was introduced to guard against the risk of children poking things into sockets!
To operate a 240 volt small appliance from a 120 volt source, a step up transformer will be needed. The sizing of this transformer is dependent upon the load of the 240 volt appliance.
Once the load amperage is established on the secondary side of the transformer (240) using the Transformers ratio the primary side amperage can be established. This being a two to one ratio the primary side of the transformer will be double the amperage of the secondary.
For example a 1 amp load at 240 volts would need to draw an input of 2 amps at 120 volts. Notice how the transformer wattage stays in balance. W = A x V, 1 x 240 = 240 watts and 2 x 120 = 240 watts.
If the amperage of the primary side of the transformer (120) is above what a normal 15 amp wall receptacle can output then a larger 120 volt circuit will be needed.
The next step up is 20 amps with #12 wire used as the feeder conductor. Next is 30 amps with #10 wire used as the feeder conductor. This is about as far as you can go on a single breaker output of 120 volts.
You will burn up your appliance!!!!!
you get an adapter
yes
Yes you plug a 240v appliance into 220v receptacle.
You don't unless it shows a dual rating on the appliance.
Not unless the appliance is rated to be used with the two different power supplies. The US uses 120v, 60 Hz if it plugs into a receptacle, and possibly 240v, 60Hz if it is hard wired. The UK uses 240v, 50Hz whether it plugs in or is hard wired. These two power systems are NOT compatible. You may use a US appliance in the UK, and vice versa, only if the appliance is dual rated, i.e. the appliance says 120v/60Hz AND 240v/50Hz on the nameplate. If the appliance only specifies one power supply, it can only be used on that power supply. If this is the case, you may be able to use a travel adapter to operate the appliance.
No, unless it's a gas range. An electric range requires 240V and 40A while a small appliance will be 120V and Max 15A.
If you need to ask, you should have someone who knows how do it....
At best, nothing will happen; the appliances won't run. At worst, the appliance will try to run on the lower voltage, fail to do so, and damage some of the mechanical parts. This is one of the reasons why a 240V appliance has a different plug than a 110V item.
120V takes less energy
No.
No