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What do you understand by bias in production and operation management?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
Bias is a term used to describe a tendency or preference towards a particular perspective, ideology or result, when the tendency interferes with the ability to be impartial, unprejudiced, or objective.[1]. In other words, bias is generally seen as a 'one-sided' perspective. The term biased refers to a person or group who is judged to exhibit bias. It is used to describe an attitude, judgment, or behavior that is influenced by a prejudice. Bias can be unconscious or conscious in awareness. Having a bias is part of a normal development. Labeling someone as biased in some regard implies they need a greater or more flexible perspective in that area, or that they need to consider more deeply the context.
In psychology, cognitive bias is bias based on factors related to the brain as an information processor. One type of cognitive bias is confirmation bias, the tendency to interpret new information in such a way that confirms one's prior beliefs, even to the extreme of denial, ignoring information that conflicts with one's prior beliefs. The fundamental attribution error, also known as "correspondence bias", is one example of such bias, in which people tend to explain others' behavior in terms of personality, whereas they tend to explain their own behavior in terms of the situation
In statistics, there are several types of bias:
Selection bias, where there is an error in choosing the individuals or groups to take part in a scientific study. It includes sampling bias, in which some members of the population are more likely to be included than others. Spectrum bias consists of evaluating the ability of a diagnostic test in a biased group of patients, which leads to an overestimate of the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
The bias of an estimator is the difference between an estimator's expectation and the true value of the parameter being estimated. Omitted-variable bias is the bias that appears in estimates of parameters in a regression analysis when the assumed specification is incorrect, in that it omits an independent variable that should be in the model.
In statistical hypothesis testing, a test is said to be unbiased when the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis exceeds the significance level when the alternative is true and is less than or equal to the significance level when the null hypothesis is true.
Systematic bias or systemic bias are external influences that may affect the accuracy of statistical measurements.
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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Explain the cycle of bias by lower-level managers and bias-adjustment by upper-level managers that can spiral out of control and result in meaningless budgets?
One of the potential problems in implementing a budget is in creating incentives to lie and cheat. Budgets can be used as performance evaluations, thus creating an incentive to lie. Managers may create budgetary slack or budget padding.This happens when an easily achieved goal (compared to what the goal should be) is created by overstating budgeted costs or understating budgeted revenues (Horngren, Sundem, Stratton, Burgstahler & Schatzberg, 2008). When managers create budgetary slack, it can protect them from budget cuts and unforeseen cost increases or revenue shortfalls. Unfortunately after lower level managers bias revenue and cost budgets, upper level managers attempt to correct the bias. This process can continue to where the lower level management consistently incorporates additional bias to compensate for upper level managements corrections. In turn, upper level management will consistently attempt to correct the bias' (Horngren et al., 2008). The result is a meaningless budget because the numbers are not accurate at all. Thus, the benefits of creating a budget are lost.Horngren, Charles T., Sundem, Gary L., Stratton, William O., Burgstahler, David, & Schatzberg, Jeff. (2008). Introduction to Management Accounting (14th ed.). NewJersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall.
What can human resource management do to reduce some of these problems?
Management does reduce some of these problems by taking following steps: Prior knowledge about the applicant will bias the interviewer's evaluation. The interviewer tends to hold a stereotype of what represents a "good" applicant. The interviewer tends to favor applicants who share his or her own attitudes. The order in which applicants are interviewed will influence evaluations. Negative information is given unduly high weight. The interviewer may make a decision concerning the applicant's suitability within the first four or five minutes. The interviewer may forget much of the interview's content within minutes after its conclusion unless he/she take notes.
What are the limitations of management accounting?
Based on Financial and Cost Records.Personal Bias.Lack of Knowledge and Understanding of the Related Subjects. Provides only Data. Preference to Intuitive Decision Making. Management Accounting is only a Tool. Continuity and Participation. Broad-Based Scope. Visit our website: applefreight. net
What is objective criticism?
Objective criticism is forming an opinion based on observations without any bias or prejudices. Objective criticism is used when evaluating one's work.
What are the barriers of strategic evaluation control?
1)prmblem in reporting 2)prmblem in strategic report 3)prmblem in timing 4)prmblem of bias 5)organisational prmblem 6)resistance to evaluation 7)prmblem of evaluation techniques
Why it is important to understand a biographers perspective?
So you can keep an eye out for potential bias.
What is the operation of potential divider bias?
Thevenization of the divider circuit will help you see how it operates.
Why self bias is not suitable for enhancment type mosfet?
With the E-MOSFET, VGS has to be, 'greater than VGS(th) to get any drain current at all. Therefore, when E-MOSFETs are biased, self-bias, current-source bias, and zero bias cannot be used because these forms of bias depend on the depletion mode of operation. This leaves gate bias, voltage-divider bias, and source bias as the means for biasing E-MOSFETs.
Why is it important to understand biographers perspective?
So you can keep an eye out for potential bias.
What can reduce bias in scientific investigations?
Scientists who understand how science works will always be on guard against their own possible bias. And of course, there is always peer review. Scientists who do exhibit bias will eventually be challenged by other scientists.
What is saliency bias?
Saliency bias is the belief that the easiest-to-understand answer, the most interesting to consider, or otherwise the answer that is most striking and visible must therefore be the most accurate one.
What is the proper bias current for an EL34 tube with 265V on the plate in push-pull topology class AB operation?
38
What is one reason it is important to understand a writer's point of view toward the subject of a biography?
to see if the writer has bias
Bias conditions must be present for the normal operation of a transistor amplifier?
All of the transistors must be biased in their operating range to work correctly.
Explain the operation of a forward bias circuit include any related diagam?
tel me the devices like diode,mosfet,bjt....etc.
Why biasing a transistor?
We bias transistors in order to determine the modes of operation ( that is whether the transistor is operating in the active cut off or the saturation regions).
What is collector bypass capacitor?
A: It is not a bypass it is a negative feedback to effect the input voltage, Bias is when a DC voltage is applied to insure proper operation
