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Monocytic ehrlichiosis
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∙ 13y ago
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What causes Monocytic ehrlichiosis?
Monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis
What spreads Ehrlichia chaffeensis?
The Lone Star tick
What does granulocytic ehrlichiosis get caused by?
The bacteria that causes granulocytic ehrlichiosis is not known, but suspected to be either Ehrlichia equi or Ehrlichia phagocytophila
What are five microbes names that begin with the letter e?
There are many pathogens that begin with the letter 'e.' They include the Epstein Barr Virus, Ehrlichia canis, Escherichia coli, and Enterococci species.
Ehrlichiosis?
DefinitionEhrlichiosis is an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of a tick.Alternative NamesHuman monocytic ehrlichiosis; HME; Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; HGE; Human granulocytic anaplasmosis; HGACauses, incidence, and risk factorsEhrlichiosis is caused by bacteria that belong to the family called Rickettsiae. Rickettsial bacteria cause a number of serious diseases worldwide, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. All of these diseases are spread to humans by a tick, flea, or mite bite.Scientists first described ehrlichiosis in 1990, and have identified two types in the United States:Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is caused by the rickettsial bacteria called Ehrlichia chaffeensis.Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) is also called human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). It is caused by the rickettsial bacteria called Anaplasma phagocytophilum (once called Ehrlichia equi or Ehrlichia phagocytophila).Ehrlichia bacteria can be carried by the Lone Star tick, the American dog tick, and the deer tick, which can also cause Lyme disease.In the United States, HME is found mainly in the southern central states and the Southeast. HGE is found mainly in the Northeast and upper Midwest.Risk factors for ehrlichiosis include:Living near an area with a lot of ticksOwning a pet that may bring a tick homeWalking or playing in high grassesSymptomsThe time between the tick bite and when symptoms occur is about 7 - 9 days. This is called the incubation period.Symptoms may seem like the flu (influenza), and may include:ChillsFeverHeadacheMuscle achesNauseaOther possible symptoms:DiarrheaFine pinhead-sized areas of bleeding in the skin (petechial rash)Flat red rash(maculopapular rash)General ill feeling (malaise)A rash appears in fewer than half of cases. Sometimes, the disease may be mistaken for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The symptoms are often quite general, but patients are sometimes sick enough to see a doctor.Signs and testsThe doctor will do a physical exam and check your vital signs, including:Blood pressureHeart rateTemperatureOther tests include:Complete blood count (CBC)GranulocytestainFluorescent antibody testTreatmentAntibiotics (tetracycline or doxycycline) are used to treat the disease. Young children should not take tetracycline by mouth until after all their permanent teeth have grown in, because it can permanently discolor growing teeth. Doxycycline used for 2 weeks or less typically does not cause discoloration of a child's permanent teeth.Expectations (prognosis)Ehrlichiosis is rarely deadly. With antibiotics, patients usually improve within 24 - 48 hours. Recovery takes 3 weeks.ComplicationsComaDeath (rare)Kidney damageLung damageOther organ damageSeizureCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you become sick after a recent tick bite or if you've been in areas where ticks are common. Be sure to tell your doctor about the tick exposure.PreventionEhrlichiosis is spread by tick bites. Preventing tick bites will prevent this, and other, tick-borne diseases. Common measures to prevent tick bites include:Avoiding dense brush and long grasses when hikingChecking yourself for ticks and removing any that you find after being outsideNot standing under trees or bushesUsing insect repellentWearing clothing to cover skinStudies suggest that a tick must be attached to your body for at least 24 hours in order to cause disease, so early removal will prevent infection. If you are bitten by a tick, write down the date and time the bite happened, and bring this information, along with the tick (if possible), to your doctor if you become sick.ReferencesWalker DH, Cumler JS. Ehrlichia chaffeensis (human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis), anaplasma phagocytophilum (human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis), and other ehrlichieae. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa : Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2005: chap 190.
What would cause be turned into if it was in future tense?
The future tense for the verb to cause is: I will cause you will cause s/he will cause we will cause you will cause they will cause
Ecophysiology / Animals as Habitats?
Bodies of animals provide wide variety of ecological habitats for bacteria. 1) Skin inhabited by Staphylococcal species -> Significant component of skin flora 2) Mucous membranes are inhabited by numerous genera including Bacteriods, Bifidobacterium, Campylobacter and Helicobacter, Neisseria and Treponema 3) Bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites including Rickettsia, Orientia and Ehrlichia reside in blood-sucking arthropods -> Mainly ticks or lice 4) Coxiella transmitted person to person without arthropod vector
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It can cause marine dumping. It can cause global warming. It can cause sewage and wastewater. It can cause oil pollution.
