a gavel
gavel
A judge in the courtroom presides over legal proceedings, ensures that the trial is conducted fairly, and interprets and applies the law to the case at hand. They make decisions on objections, rulings, and evidence, while also overseeing the conduct of the trial and making final judgments or sentences.
It has long been traditional for counsel to bow to the judge when they enter the courtroom while court is in session and upon the judge entering the courtroom. The bow is not an exchange of courtesies between two duelists about to fight. The bow is a sign of respect. Counsel bow to the judge, not as a sign of respect to the person, but as a sign of respect to the judicial office.
In "To Kill a Mockingbird," characters who cry as a result of the Tom Robinson trial include Jem and Scout Finch. Jem is deeply affected by the unfairness and racism displayed in the trial, while Scout is saddened by the injustice and prejudice she witnesses in the courtroom.
It is customary to rise when the judge enters or departs the courtroom and when the jury enters and departs the court room. If you don't you may get a lecture from the judge and a cool place to sit for a while while you ponder the advisability of standing when directed. As a defendant, why would you even want to annoy the judge or jury who is going to decide your fate?
In the courtroom during Tom Robinson's trial in "To Kill a Mockingbird", the seating arrangements reflected the racial segregation of the time. White community members sat in the main part of the courtroom while African Americans were seated in the balcony. This division highlighted the discrimination and inequality prevalent during that period.
The third witness in Alice in Wonderland is the Dormouse. During the trial scene in the story, the Dormouse gives its testimony while sleeping, causing confusion and chaos in the courtroom.
The Sixth Amendment grants the right to a speedy trial, meaning that the state can't delay commencement of a trial indefinitely, especially if the defendant is being held in jail while awaiting trial. If the defendant is already on parole, has violated that parole, and is being held in custody, then there is no speedy trial violation because the defendant would be in custody, anyway. Under those circumstances, a judge could deny a dismissal motion based on a speedy trial violation.
If the court reporter is hired by one of the parties in the case being heard, then they should have access to the courtroom - how else are they to do perform their job. While barring them is a questionable practice that the judge may have to explain, whether it is actually 'illegal' to do so..., I do not believe that it is. Judges have wide discretionary power in their courtrooms - it might be possible that this particular judge has 'barred' this individual from working in his/her courtroom. Not enough of the background is disclosed in the question.
In the UK you can now go into a courtroom while it is in progress
In "To Kill a Mockingbird," Judge Taylor is shown presiding over Tom Robinson's trial with fairness and integrity. He carefully listens to the evidence presented, maintains order in the courtroom, and ultimately delivers a guilty verdict despite Atticus Finch's compelling defense.
A bailiff is a court officer responsible for maintaining order and security in a courtroom during legal proceedings. Their duties may include announcing the judge, administering oaths to witnesses, and ensuring the safety of all individuals present. They also help enforce court orders, such as the seizure of property or the eviction of tenants.
Robinson was housed in the county jail while he awaited trial.