The most common way I've heard it said: (in non-jury trials) "I find you guilty." (in jury trials) "You have been found guilty" or, "The jury finds you guilty."
No. If the defendant was found not guilty WHAT would the judge sentence them for?
"Not guilty, Your Honor".
No. A judge cannot overturn a "Not Guilty" verdict. Once someone is acquitted, they can never again be tried for that crime.
Yes. Why did you think the judge couldn't?
In a formal or legal setting, guilt or innocence is decided by a jury or a judge.
Traditionally at the end of a case the judge will make a declaration of a degree as the form of his judgment. If someone is found guilty the judge makes that declaration.
Adjudicated guilty means the judge resolved the case and found the defendant guilty. Adjudication is the final action that the judge took.
Not guilty plea
Yes. A judge can direct the jury but cannot force them to a verdict. For example - the judge may say something like "..If you are satisfied the defendant acted maliciously, then you must find him guilty of murder. If not, then you must find him guilty of manslaughter..."
To judge someone unfairly means to think or say negative things about that person before you get to know them
Innocent means you are innocent of a crime.. That is you did not commit it. A court (jury/judge) will not find someone "innocent". They can't say that you did not commit a crime, they can only decide for "not guilty" if the evidence presented is enough that you are believed to have committed a crime (guilty) or not (not guilty).
You need a lawyer. Try a Public Defender. Sorry about the judge, man.