It means to turn that side, plus the layer next to it (for 'u', turn the top two layers clockwise).
the inner layer of that side. "r" would be | | |*| | (the one with the *)rotated.
normally, the dominant allele is expressed as a capital letter and the recessive allele is expressed as a lowercase letter, if that's what you mean!
squaring a number is when you times it by itself. eg. 2x2 or 5x5 cubing a number is when you times it by itself and then times it again. eg. 2x2x2 or 5x5x5
"µm" is the scientific symbol for micrometers (µ is the Greek lowercase letter "mu").
An uppercase letter is commonly called a capital letter such as ABCDE, etc. Lowercase letters are the non-capital letters such as abcde, etc. The instructions to use at least one uppercase and at least one lowercase into your password is usually to make the password harder to decipher. This is not limiting your password to 1 uppercas AND 1 lowercase, it is merely stating that you need AT LEAST one of each in your password.
No, case sensitive only means that the upper or lowercase characters will be remembered as such. For example, if your psword contains an uppercase letter, it will not be accepted if that letter is entered in lowercase. For something that is not case sensitive, this will not matter. In a case sensitive scenario, if your psword is Killjoy1, when typed killjoy1 it will not be accepted.
Alphanumeric characters are the numbers 0-9 and letters A-Z (both uppercase and lowercase)
They are text functions. PROPER capitalizes the first letter in a text string and any other letters in text that follow any character other than a letter. All other letters are converted to lowercase letters. UPPER converts all letters to uppercase. LOWER converts all letters to lowercase.
Hass as a noun (capital letter) means hate/hatred. If lowercase, it's the verb, with the e dropped (not uncommon). Ex-Ich hass Sushi. =I hate sushi.
It is the phonetic spelling for the "shwa" sound - as in "uh".
Cubing means to cut foods into large dice. This is done by making all cuts symmetrical and consistent on all sides.
If you mean nanometer, that's abbreviated "nm" (lowercase), and the answer is a million.
This is a guess: the dot distinguishes i from the peaks in the cursive letters u and w.