First forget the energyy. Our ears and the microphone diaphragms are sensors which are moved by the sound pressure (not by energy). The acoustical sound waves are converted to electrical voltage waves.
Yes, a microphone does this
That is achieved by an instrument called a microphone.
Like a microphone?
By using a microphone, sound energy is changed to electrical energy.
You can use a microphone. This is a good idea, since that's exactly what it's designed to accomplish.
loudspeaker of telephone: electrical to sound energy microphone of telephone: sound to electrical energy
A simple method is already available and it's called a speaker-you can also use it as a microphone.
microphone............
IF you use speaker as microphone, you can use it as a transducer to convert soun energy into electrical signals
microphone
A microphone
sound energy