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Right before a performance, they tune their instruments. Usually the concertmaster (1st Chair Violinist) plays A-440, and then a oboist plays the note and the rest of the orchestra tunes to that instrument. The Oboe is used because its sound is unique and can be heard better than the violin tone.

A-440 (concert A) is sometimes varied a couple cents sharp by some conductors, which is their prerogative to do so. Some go as high as A-446, which produces a much brighter sound.

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