0
Want this question answered?
Be notified when an answer is posted
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
What is iridocyclitis?
An infection in the eye.
What is the medical terminology Combining form meaning ciliary muscle?
cyc- is the combining form meaning ciliary muscle, as in iridocyclitis.
What causes Misshapen pupils in the eye?
Misshapen pupils can be caused by several things such as iridocyclitis or iritis. The medical term for misshapen pupils is synechia.
What wil happen if you have Ebola?
Symptoms start two days to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches. Typically nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea follow, along with decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys.Around this time, affected people may begin to bleed both within the body and externally.If an infected person survives, recovery may be quick and complete. Prolonged cases are often complicated by the occurrence of long-term problems, such as inflammation of the testicles, joint pains, muscle pains, skin peeling, or hair loss. Eye symptoms, such as light sensitivity, excess tearing, iritis, iridocyclitis, choroiditis, and blindness.
What chemicals are found in eggs?
all about mention made up of like oxygen,carbon,hydrogen,Calcium,Phosphorus,Sulfur,Sodium,Magnesium,etc........The fresh eggs contained 0.13 mg of phosphorus, contains 72.5-75.0 g of water, 12.5-13.3 g of protein,10.7-1 1.6 g of fat, 0.7 g of carbohydrates and 1.0-1.1 g of mineral substance.
What body system does Ebola hf affect?
Symptoms start two days to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches. Typically nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea follow, along with decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys.Around this time, affected people begin to bleed both within the body and externally. Prolonged cases are often complicated by the occurrence of long-term problems, such as inflammation of the testicles, joint pains, muscle pains, skin peeling, or hair loss. Eye symptoms, such as light sensitivity, excess tearing, iritis, iridocyclitis, choroiditis, and blindness have also been described.
How does rheumatoid arthritis affect the eyes?
Vision can can be effected as a result of a number of problems associated with rheumatoid arthritis.Scleritis, a chronic inflammation of the blood vessels in the whites of the eyes, may occur in aproximately 1 percent of people with RA. Symptoms include eye pain and redness. If it goes untreated, scleritis may become severe, leading to a deterioration of the cornea.Rheumatoid Arthritis may lead to Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, which is dryness of the eyes caused by decreased tear production. as well as Episcleritis or scleritis, this is an inflammation of the connective tissue of the eye that gives it a red eye appearance like conjunctivitis, but different as there is no wetness or tearing.These problems can be painful and lead to increased light sensitivity, redness, and even vision loss.The eyes may often become dry and/or inflamed as a result of RA. This condition is known as Sjögren syndrome and its severity depends on which part of the eye is affected. this along with many other eye problems may be the result of rheumatoid arthritis and often require the attention of an eye specialist.
Facts about Eyeball tattoos?
Eyeball tattoos are not new and with each passing day they are receiving more attention. These tattoos were popular among the inmates and are now becoming prominent features for the tattoo lovers. This kind of tattoo has a lot of risk involved. Eyeball tattoos can be one of the most lethal ventures that you can try out. If anything goes wrong with the procedure, it could have a negative impact on your vision. Many people are completely lost about process that is used tattoo the eyeballs. Most have an idea of skin tattoos and the procedure used to acquire one. The eyeball tattoos involve a similar process to that used for the skin tattoos. A needle is placed right in to the eyeballs and colored ink is injected beneath the eye cornea. Once the colored ink is delivered below the eye cornea, an eyeball tattoo is formed. It is worth mentioning that the cornea is a very sensitive and delicate part of the eye with a thickness of approximately 0.5 to 0.6 mm in the middle and 0.6 to 0.8 mm at the edges. Approximately ninety percent of cornea comprises of stroma which is a middle layer that comprises largely of collagen fibers. The stroma is the exact place where the ink is placed during the procedure. The cornea has got several nerve endings that can bring in certain medical complications. The cornea is a very essential part of the eye and thus any damage to it can lead to serious complications and even blindness. Eyeball tattoos have been presented for many years with the process changing with time. Even with the alterations made on the process, it still remains very risky. Some of the complications that are brought forth by the eyeball tattoos include keratitis which can surface if the ink does not remain out within the cornea, iridocyclitis, corneal ulceration and blindness. Notably, the cornea is a very thin layer which makes penetration of the needle very simple. Since the process of eye tattooing can entail many pricks in order for the ink to spread out, there is a high risk of inflammatory reaction.
When can be use atopine injuction?
Atropine increases firing of the sinoatrial node (SA) and conduction through the atrioventricular node (AV) of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, and decreases bronchial secretions.In general, atropine lowers the parasympathetic activity of all muscles and glands regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. This occurs because atropine is a competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system). Therefore, it may cause swallowing difficulties and reduced secretions.Ophthalmic useTopical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ophthalmic examination. Atropine induces mydriasis by blocking contraction of the circular pupillary sphincter muscle, which is normally stimulated by acetylcholine release, thereby allowing the radial pupillary dilator muscle to contract and dilate the pupil. Atropine induces cycloplegia by paralyzing the ciliary muscles, whose action inhibits accommodation to allow accurate refraction in children, helps to relieve pain associated with iridocyclitis, and treats ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma. Atropine is contraindicated in patients pre-disposed to narrow angle glaucoma.Atropine can be given to patients who have direct globe trauma.ResuscitationInjections of atropine are used in the treatment of bradycardia (an extremely low heart rate), asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in cardiac arrest. This works because the main action of the vagus nerve of the parasympathetic system on the heart is to decrease heart rate. Atropine blocks this action and, therefore, may speed up the heart rate. The usual dosage of atropine in bradyasystolic arrest is 0.5 to 1 mg IV push every three to five minutes, up to a maximum dose of 0.04 mg/kg. For symptomatic bradycardia, the usual dosage is 0.5 to 1.0 mg IV push, may repeat every 3 to 5 minutes up to a maximum dose of 3.0 mg[2].Atropine is also useful in treating second-degree heart block Mobitz Type 1 (Wenckebach block), and also third-degree heart block with a high Purkinje or AV-nodal escape rhythm. It is usually not effective in second-degree heart block Mobitz type 2, and in third-degree heart block with a low Purkinje or ventricular escape rhythm. Atropine is contraindicated in ischemia-induced conduction block, because the drug increases oxygen demand of the AV nodal tissue, thereby aggravating ischemia and the resulting heart block.One of the main actions of the parasympathetic nervous system is to stimulate the M2 muscarinic receptor in the heart, but atropine inhibits this action.Secretions and bronchoconstrictionAtropine's actions on the parasympathetic nervous system inhibits salivary, sweat, and mucus glands. This can be useful in treating hyperhidrosis, and can prevent the death rattle of dying patients. Even though atropine has not been officially indicated for either of these purposes by the FDA, it has been used by physicians for these purposes.[3]Treatment for organophosphate poisoningAtropine is not an actual antidote for organophosphate poisoning. However, by blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, atropine also serves as a treatment for poisoning by organophosphate insecticides and nerve gases, such as Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD) and VX. Troops that are likely to be attacked with chemical weapons often carry autoinjectors with atropine and obidoxime, which can be quickly injected into the thigh. Atropine is often used in conjunction with Pralidoxime chloride.Atropine is given as a treatment for SLUDGE (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diaphoresis, Gastrointestinal motility, Emesis) symptoms caused by organophosphate poisoning. Another mnemonic is DUMBBELSS, which stands for Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Excitation (as of muscle in the form of fasciculations and CNS), Lacrimation, Salivation, and Sweating (only sympathetic innervation using Musc receptors).
What words have the prefix ir?
iracund iracundity iracundulous irade irascent irascibility irascible irascibleness irascibly irate irately ire ireful irefully irefulness ireless irenarch irene irenic irenical irenically irenicism irenicist irenicon irenics irenicum irian irid iridaceous iridadenosis iridal iridalgia iridate iridauxesis iridectome iridectomize iridectomy iridectropium iridemia iridencleisis iridentropium irideous irideremia irides iridesce iridescence iridescency iridescent iridescently iridial iridian iridiate iridic iridical iridin iridine iridiocyte iridiophore iridioplatinum iridious iridite iridium iridization iridize iridoavulsion iridocapsulitis iridocele iridoceratitic iridochoroiditis iridocoloboma iridoconstrictor iridocyclitis iridocyte iridodesis iridodiagnosis iridodialysis iridodonesis iridokinesia iridomalacia iridomotor iridoncus iridoparalysis iridophore iridoplegia iridoptosis iridopupillary iridorhexis iridosclerotomy iridosmine iridosmium iridotasis iridotome iridotomy iris irisated irisation iriscope irised irisin irislike irisroot iritic iritis irk irksome irksomely irksomeness irok iroko iron ironback ironbark ironbound ironbush ironclad irone ironer ironfisted ironflower ironhanded ironhandedly ironhandedness ironhard ironhead ironheaded ironhearted ironheartedly ironheartedness ironical ironically ironicalness ironice ironish ironism ironist ironize ironless ironlike ironly ironmaker ironmaking ironman ironmaster ironmonger ironmongering ironmongery ironness ironshod ironshot ironside ironsided ironsides ironsmith ironstone ironware ironweed ironwood ironwork ironworked ironworker ironworking ironworks ironwort irony irradiance irradiancy irradiant irradiate irradiated irradiatingly irradiation irradiative irradiator irradicable irradicate irrarefiable irrationability irrationable irrationably irrational irrationalism irrationalist irrationalistic irrationality irrationalize irrationally irrationalness irreality irrealizable irrebuttable irreceptive irreceptivity irreciprocal irreciprocity irreclaimability irreclaimable irreclaimableness irreclaimably irreclaimed irrecognition irrecognizability irrecognizable irrecognizably irrecognizant irrecollection irreconcilability irreconcilable irreconcilableness irreconcilably irreconcile irreconcilement irreconciliability irreconciliable irreconciliableness irreconciliably irreconciliation irrecordable irrecoverable irrecoverableness irrecoverably irrecusable irrecusably irredeemability irredeemable irredeemableness irredeemably irredeemed irredenta irredential irredressibility irredressible irredressibly irreducibility irreducible irreducibleness irreducibly irreductibility irreductible irreduction irreferable irreflection irreflective irreflectively irreflectiveness irreflexive irreformability irreformable irrefragability irrefragable irrefragableness irrefragably irrefrangibility irrefrangible irrefrangibleness irrefrangibly irrefusable irrefutability irrefutable irrefutableness irrefutably irregardless irregeneracy irregenerate irregeneration irregular irregularism irregularist irregularity irregularize irregularly irregularness irregulate irregulated irregulation irrelate irrelated irrelation irrelative irrelatively irrelativeness irrelevance irrelevancy irrelevant irrelevantly irreliability irrelievable irreligion irreligionism irreligionist irreligionize irreligiosity irreligious irreligiously irreligiousness irreluctant irremeable irremeably irremediable irremediableness irremediably irrememberable irremissibility irremissible irremissibleness irremissibly irremission irremissive irremovability irremovable irremovableness irremovably irremunerable irrenderable irrenewable irrenunciable irrepair irrepairable irreparability irreparable irreparableness irreparably irrepassable irrepealability irrepealable irrepealableness irrepealably irrepentance irrepentant irrepentantly irreplaceable irreplaceably irrepleviable irreplevisable irreportable irreprehensible irreprehensibleness irreprehensibly irrepresentable irrepresentableness irrepressibility irrepressible irrepressibleness irrepressibly irrepressive irreproachability irreproachable irreproachableness irreproachably irreproducible irreproductive irreprovable irreprovableness irreprovably irreptitious irrepublican irresilient irresistance irresistibility irresistible irresistibleness irresistibly irresoluble irresolubleness irresolute irresolutely irresoluteness irresolution irresolvability irresolvable irresolvableness irresolved irresolvedly irresonance irresonant irrespectability irrespectable irrespectful irrespective irrespectively irrespirable irrespondence irresponsibility irresponsible irresponsibleness irresponsibly irresponsive irresponsiveness irrestrainable irrestrainably irrestrictive irresultive irresuscitable irresuscitably irretention irretentive irretentiveness irreticence irreticent irretraceable irretraceably irretractable irretractile irretrievability irretrievable irretrievableness irretrievably irrevealable irrevealably irreverence irreverend irreverendly irreverent irreverential irreverentialism irreverentially irreverently irreversibility irreversible irreversibleness irreversibly irrevertible irreviewable irrevisable irrevocability irrevocable irrevocableness irrevocably irrevoluble irrigable irrigably irrigant irrigate irrigation irrigational irrigationist irrigative irrigator irrigatorial irrigatory irriguous irriguousness irrision irrisor irrisory irritability irritable irritableness irritably irritament irritancy irritant irritate irritatedly irritating irritatingly irritation irritative irritativeness irritator irritatory irritomotile irritomotility irrorate irrotational irrotationally irrubrical irrupt irruptible irruption irruptive irruptively
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
DefinitionJuvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a term used to describe a common type of arthritis in children. It is a long-term (chronic) disease resulting in joint pain and swelling.Alternative NamesJuvenile chronic polyarthritis; JRA; Still's disease; Juvenile idiopathic arthritisCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThe cause of JRA is not known. It is thought to be an autoimmune illness. In this type of condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue.JRA usually occurs before age 16.It is divided into several categories:Systemic JRA involves joint swelling or pain, fevers, and rash. It is the least common category.Polyarticular JRA involves many joints. This form of JRA may turn into rheumatoid arthritis. It may involve large and small joints of the legs and arms, as well as the TMJ and cervical spine.Pauciarticular JRA involves only a few joints, usually the hips, knees, or ankles.Many other medical problems can cause symptoms similar to those of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, including:Lyme disease, rheumatic fever, bone infections (osteomyelitis), and other infectionsSarcoidosis, psoriatic arthritis, vasculitisInflammatory bowel diseaseSymptomsArthritis symptoms:Joint stiffnesswhen you wake up in the morningJoint painLimited range of motionJoints may be warm or swollen and sometimes redA child may stop using an affected limb or may limpBack painBody-wide JRA symptoms:Fever, usually high fevers every dayRash (trunk and extremities) that comes and goes with the feverSwollen lymph nodes (glands)JRA can also cause eye inflammation called uveitis. This problem can occur without any eye symptoms, or someone may have:Red eyesEye painIncreased pain when looking at light (photophobia)Vision changesSigns and testsThe physical examination may show swollen, warm, and tender joints that hurt to move. The child may have a rash. Other signs include:Enlarged liverEnlarged spleenSwollen lymph nodesBlood tests may include:Rheumatoid factor (may be raised, but not in all patients)Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)ANA (may be high)Complete blood count (CBC)HLA antigensfor HLA B27Any or all of these blood tests may be normal in patients with JRA.The doctor may need to tap a joint. This means putting a small needle into a joint that is swollen. This can help to find the cause of the arthritis. By removing fluid, the joint may feel better, too. Sometimes, the doctor will inject steroids into the joint to help decrease the swelling.Other tests:X-ray of a jointX-ray of the chestECGEye exam by an ophthalmologist (should be done on a regular basis, even if there are no eye symptoms)TreatmentWhen only a small number of joints are involved, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen may be enough to control symptoms.Corticosteroids may be used for more severe flare-ups to help control symptoms.Children who have arthritis in many joints, or who have fever, rash, and swollen glands may need other medicines. These medicines are called disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). They can decrease or prevent swelling or inflammation in the body. DMARDs include:Methotrexate is often the first drug used.Biologic drugs, such as such as etanercept, infliximab, and related drugs block high levels of proteins that cause inflammation.It is important for children with JRA to stay active and keep their muscles strong. Walking, bicycling, and swimming may be good activities. Children should learn to warm up before exercising.Support and help for children who experience sadness or anger about their arthritis is also very important.Some children with JRA may need surgery, including joint replacement.Expectations (prognosis)JRA is seldom life threatening.Children who have many joints involved, or who have a positive rheumatoid factor are more likely to have chronic pain and poor school attendance, and to be disabled.Long periods with no symptoms are more common in those who have only a small number of joints involved. Many patients with JRA eventually go into remission with very little loss of function and deformity.For additional information and resources, see arthritis support group.ComplicationsWearing away or destruction of joints (can occur in patients with more severe JRA)Slow rate of growthUneven growth of an arm or legLoss of visionor decreased visionfrom chronic uveitis (this problem may be severe, even when the arthritis is not very severe)AnemiaSwelling around the heart (pericarditis)Chronic pain, poor school attendanceCalling your health care providerCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You notice symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritisSymptoms get worse or do not improve with treatmentNew symptoms developPreventionThere is no known prevention for JRA.ReferencesMiller ML, Cassidy JT. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 154.Lovell DJ, Ruperto N, Goodman S, Reiff A, Jung L, Jarosova K, et al. Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group: Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. Adalimumab with or without methotrexate in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:810-820.Cespedes-Cruz A, Gutierrez-Suarez R, Pistorio A, Ravelli A, Loy A, Murray KJ, et al. Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO). Methotrexate improves the health-related quality of life of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:309-314.Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369:767-778.
