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Operating leverage---the use of fixed resources

Financial leverage---the use of debts

Both operating and financial leverage imply that the firm will employ a heavy component of fixed cost resources. This is inherently risky because the obligation to make payments remains regardless of the condition of the company or the economy.

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Q: What does risk taking have to do with the use of operating and financial leverage?
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Indicate the relationship between financial leverage and financial risk?

As the financial leverage increases, the breakeven point of the company increases. The company now has to sell more of its product (or service) in order to break even. As the financial leverage increases, the risk to banks and other lenders increases because of the higher probability of bankruptcy. As the financial leverage increases, the risk to stockholders increases because greater losses may be incurred if the company goes bankrupt. As the financial leverage increases, the risk to stockholders increases because the higher leverage will cause greater volatility in earnings and greater volatility in the stock price.


What are the importance of operating leverage?

help to judge risk in the firm


Is the risk to the firm of being unable to cover operating costs?

Financial risk


Financial risk of running a business?

financail risk of operating and opening a business


What happens to the costs of debt and equity when leverage increases?

Key Points If value is added from financial leveraging then the associated risk will not have a negative effect.At an ideal level of financial leverage, a company's return on equity increases because the use of leverage increases stock volatility, increasing its level of risk which in turn increases returns.If earnings before interest and taxes are greater than the cost of financial leverage than the increased risk of leverage will be worthwhile. Terms solvency The state of having enough funds or liquid assets to pay all of one's debts; the state of being solvent. liquidity Availability of cash over short term: ability to service short-term debt.


A high degree of financial leverage means?

A high degree of financial leverage means the benefits from tax-deductibility of interest(from additional debt) is more than offset by the increase in financial distress. The firm's fixed obligations are higher and the risk of a likely default is increased with a higher Debt to Equity ratio. There isn't any set out formula that sets the optimal leverage for a firm...but at some some point taking on more debt, with increases the risk anf thus the return of Equity holders further increases the risk of bondholders and creditors to the firm. Any default in payments leads to distress including bankruptcy, more financial burdens to fight off or succomb to bankruptcy, lower value of firms residual assets allocated to Equityholders and likelihood of the firm shotting down.


What is meabt by operating leverage?

- It measures the EBIT's percentage change as a result of a change of one percent in the level of output. - It helps in measuring the business risk.


The risk-free rate of return used to determine a firm's cost of capital will not vary depending upon the financial and operating risk level of the firm?

That is NOT true.


Can all types of companies maintain a high financial leverage in their capital structure?

No, not all types of companies can maintain a high financial leverage in their capital structure. The ability to maintain high leverage depends on various factors such as the industry, profitability, risk profile, and cash flow generation of the company. Companies with stable and predictable cash flows, low business risk, and high profitability are better positioned to maintain high financial leverage. However, companies with volatile cash flows, high business risk, and lower profitability may face difficulties in maintaining high leverage.


What are some limitations of financial leverage?

Financial leverage offers many advantages for a firm to move forward. But like most things, there are some limitations that come with financial leverage as well. For example, when a company uses financial leverage they are technically borrowing funds. Borrowing money is always going to develop a cloud whether it's one that just creates a little shade or one that causes a thunderstorm. When a company borrows constantly, they are creating an image that they might be of high risk. As a result there might be an increase in interest rates and some restrictions could be given to the borrowing organization. Another area that could be affected by the use of financial leverage is the value of the stock. It could drop substantially if the stockholders become concerned. It seems that financial leverage is a good idea for a company when interest rates are low. But it is important to use financial leverage in moderation to avoid some of these limitations. The more debt in the capital structure of the firm, the greater the financial risk to the lender. This results in higher average interest rates to be paid and restrictions on the corporation. Common stockholders may become concerned and drive down the price of the stock.


Why managers taking risk in management in any financial institution?

Risk taking is the part of the management duties, because without risk there can be no profit as the old saying goes: "High Risk High Profit, Low Risk Low Profit"But in the financial institutions where there is a transactions are about millions of dollars or thousands of dollars, management has to anticipate and take the proactive measures to invest the money.But approximately all the risk which are taken are measured risks.


Differences between operational risk and financial risk?

Operational risk: Operational risk is usually caused by four different avenues: people, processes, systems, or external events. For many aspects of operational risk, companies must simply try to mitigate the risk within each category as best as possible with the understanding that some operational risk will likely always be present. Financial risk: A company's financial risk is related to the company's use of financial leverage and debt financing. It is concerned with a company's ability to generate sufficient cash flow to be able to make interest payments on financing or meet other debt-related obligations.