electron carriers
I have a feeling you spelled crabs wrong.
1
It is changed into Acetyl CoA, which is then used in the citric acid cycle (aka Krebs Cycle).
The Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. It occurs only in aerobic conditions, that is, only when oxygen is present. Its main function is to oxidise acetyl CoA generated from glycolysis. In the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate undergo a condensation reaction to form a six-carbon compound. Through a series of decarboxylation and dehydrogenation reactions, intermediate 5-carbon and 4-carbon compounds are formed with the release of carbon dioxide. 1 ATP molecule is generated per turn of the Krebs cycle by substrate level phosphorylation; hence 2 ATP molecules are formed per molecule of glucose. Most fo the chemical energy is transferred during the redox reactions where the electron carriers NAD and FAD are reduced to form coenzymes NADH and FADH2, respectively. The Krebs cycle is also cyclic as the starting product, oxaloacetate, is regenerated.
directly, without using the electron transport chain there is one ATP per turn of the Krebs cycle, and two turns per glucose molecule.
six
Definitely! Per ever glucose that passes through cellular respiration, 6 NADH are produced during the Krebs Cycle. (Precisely, 3 NADH are produced per turn of the Krebs Cycle and 1 glucose molecule causes the Krebs Cycle to turn twice. Therefore, 2 turns * 3 NADH per turn = 6 NADH)
From glycolysis two pyruvates are produced per molecule of glucose. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA which enters the Kreb's cycle. Therefore, one molecule of glucose eventually creates 2 turns of the Krebs cycle. The cycle produces 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn. So for each molecules of glucose you will have 2 FADH2.
1
It is changed into Acetyl CoA, which is then used in the citric acid cycle (aka Krebs Cycle).
The Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. It occurs only in aerobic conditions, that is, only when oxygen is present. Its main function is to oxidise acetyl CoA generated from glycolysis. In the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate undergo a condensation reaction to form a six-carbon compound. Through a series of decarboxylation and dehydrogenation reactions, intermediate 5-carbon and 4-carbon compounds are formed with the release of carbon dioxide. 1 ATP molecule is generated per turn of the Krebs cycle by substrate level phosphorylation; hence 2 ATP molecules are formed per molecule of glucose. Most fo the chemical energy is transferred during the redox reactions where the electron carriers NAD and FAD are reduced to form coenzymes NADH and FADH2, respectively. The Krebs cycle is also cyclic as the starting product, oxaloacetate, is regenerated.
Organs are a collection of tissues, which are in turn a collection of cells. Cells produce ATP from glucose and this processes (glycolysis and then krebs' cycle) require O2 to help form CO2 to release energy from the carbon-carbon chain. Watch a video on how the kreb's cycle work and watch for the oxygen that is inserted in the system.
two :]
twice
1 This isn't even technically true. One GTP molecule is produced which produces one ATP molecule. The Krebs cycle produces tons of energy, but not in the form of ATP directly. The Krebs cycle (or TCA cycle) results in reducing potential molecules; NADH and FADH2 specifically. These molecules are shuttled through the electron transport chain to produce energy. 3 NADH molecules and 1 FADH molecule is produced for every turn of the Krebs cycle. One molecule of glucose will result in two turns of the Krebs cycle because two pyruvate molecules are the result of one glucose molecule (pyruvate if fed into the Krebs cycle after it is converted into acetyl-CoA). So, one glucose molecule = 6 NADH and 2 FADH molecules (and 2 GTP molecules) In the electron transport chain 1 NADH molecule = 3 ATP. 1 FADH2 molecule = 2 ATP. From here the math is pretty straight forward 6 NADH molecules = 18 ATP 2 FADH molecules = 4 ATP 2 GTP molecules = 2 ATP If you ever read something saying the number of ATP molecules produced from a glucose molecule is between 30-38 ATP do not be confused. This is simply the number for: glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain) added together. We only get about 30 ATP molecules out of it though because the process is not perfect. Source: Biomed degree.
directly, without using the electron transport chain there is one ATP per turn of the Krebs cycle, and two turns per glucose molecule.
Each turn of the Kreb's cycle must regenerate oxaloacetate.
The Krebs cycle generates approximately 30 ATP molecules per glucose molecule respired.The actual number varies, because varying amounts of energy are diverted into other processes than ATP synthesis.For a discussion of some of the issues, visit:http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellularRespiration.html#citric_acid