The theory of the four humours contends that our health is based on the balance or imbalance of fluids in the body, particularly blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Yellow bile or choler is stomach fluid and black bile is gall secreted by the gall bladder. According to the theory, blood was hot and moist, phlegm cold and moist, choler hot and dry and black bile cold and dry. (How fluids can be "dry" is not explained very well)
There were supposedly four humors (black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm). When someone was sick, the four humors must have been out of balance and to heal, the four humors had to be balanced again.
www.answers.com
Egyptian
yes
Galen learned from doctors such as Hippocrates about the four humors.
Hippocrates, a greek doctor, in 460-377 BC
Hippocrates believed that the human body was controlled by four humors, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile and blood. Illnesses were caused by an imbalance of the humors.
In medieval medicine, the colors associated with the four humors were black bile (melancholic) - black, yellow bile (choleric) - yellow, blood (sanguine) - red, and phlegm (phlegmatic) - white. The balance of these humors was believed to affect a person's health and temperament.
fingers, toes and butt fingers, toes and butt
The belief in the four humors—blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile—was thought to influence a person's physical and mental health. It was believed that imbalances in these humors could lead to illness or changes in personality. Treatment involved restoring balance through practices like bloodletting or changing diet and lifestyle.
The four elements connected to the Four Humors are blood (connected to air), phlegm (water), yellow bile (fire), and black bile (earth). Each humor was thought to correspond to one of these elements, influencing an individual's health and personality.
The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates first popularize the theory that humors in the body contributed to the temperament of people. Melancholia was it was believed to be caused by an excess of black bile.