It takes the mains supply and converts it to various lower voltages, suitable for the electronics in the computer.
Usually
5v
12v
3v
The hardware unit that contains the CPU, the RAM, a hard disk, and a power supply is called the "motherboard."
it can simply be called a "power supply" or a PSU (power supply unit)
To keep the power supply cool. If there were no fan the power supply would overheat and fail.
A computer's (PC's) power supply is a sealed unit and should be replaced as a whole - It is dangerous to try and repair the inside of that sealed unit (that is why it is sealed).
The PSU, Power Supply Unit
A PSU in a system unit is the power supply unit. It provides well-regulated power for the computer and its peripherals.
The answer is the power supply unit or PSU.
Yes
System unit
The statement "the power supply must be toasted" is a rather idiomatic way of saying, the power supply must have been destroyed by excess current.
is an embedded circuit or stand alone unit the function of which is to supply a stable voltage to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain power supply limits .
Generally yes. I recommend using a power supply tester- these are not expensive and readily available.