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  • It depends on the starting temperature of the water and the amount of thermal energy added. Starting from ice (solid water( the changes are:
  • From initial temperature to 0C the ice absorbs heat and its molecules begin to vibrate more quickly.
  • At 0C the ice becomes a liquid. If no further heat is added or lost the ice and liquid water will exist. There is also a water vapour present so that this is called the Triple Point of Water
  • Above 0C to about 4C the density of the liquid water increases until maximum e=desity of 1 g/ml is reached
  • Above 4C the density starts to decrease as the molecular motion becomes more pronounced. The vapour pressure of the water vapor above the fluid starts to increase.
  • At 100C the vapour pressure is equivalent to atmospheric pressure and the water starts to boil
  • Above the boiling point the water is converted to steam which exhibits at higher pressures until the Critical point is reached.
  • When water and steam reach 221.2 bar and a temperature of 374.15C), the vapor and liquid are indistinguishable.
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