Usually nothing, but a properly aimed big one could sterilize part or all of the planet.
Directly, no. The energy that it uses from the sun does not effect the earth. However, the production of solar panels is quite environmentally unfriendly, so it's a win-lose situation.
There is no hole in Earth's magnetic field. Fluctuations in the magnetosphere occur regularly depending on the strength of the solar wind. Both the magnetosphere and the upper atmosphere block most of the proton flow from solar flares (as well as the ever-present "cosmic rays"). To cause a problem for living things on the planet, the atmosphere would have to be much thinner, and the Earth's magnetic field a small fraction of its current strength. The ISS space station is specially shielded as well (as any future Moon bases must be). The idea that some "solar flare catastrophe" could result in the foreseeable future is mostly pseudoscience and fear-mongering by misguided individuals.
Aurora itself doesn't affect earth, but solar-storm is known to break satellites and interrupt radio waves and other electrical devices. Our magnetic field does great job for taking care of earth and protect it from solar-winds :).
The Earth is composed of 80% water and it needs the sun to rotate and provide water for people.
Geothermal energy and Solar energy are two different things. Geothermal energy is thermal energy from the core of the planet while Solar energy is the radiation energy from the Sun. I believe the question would imply Solar Thermal utilization on Mars. On Mars, Solar energy is a lot lesser than earth. The radiation on Earth is at 1400 W/m2 while on Mars is only 600 W/m2. Solar energy can be harvest using Solar cell at 40% of what we would harvest on earth. In the case of Solar Thermal, Despite lowered black body temperature, Green house gases is absented on Mars and the surface temperature is a lot colder than earth. A solar thermal plant could effectively harvest at 60% efficiency as it is on earth. The very difference on Mars Solar Thermal and Earth version would be that Mars had little water, it could not use cooling tower in the same manner as on earth. The Heat rejection onto atmosphere would require large radiator in place of cooling tower. Reflects is necessary to enhance thermal efficiency since the solar density is lowered there.
It could destroy the earth, if it was a super flare. The next solar flare is in 2011 or 2012, but it wont harm the earth. It will mess up radios tough.
a giant solar flare could technically destroy earth, but a solar flare could not get that large. however, theoretically, before our sun "dies," it will expand and destroy the earth.
Depending on what side of the sun it is on, a solar flare could simply disrupt some of the communications between Earth's satellites or do nothing at all.
solar flare... sends out a blast of magnetic field, it has been known to cause power outages on the planet of Earth
No. Solar flares are a common occurrence. Earth's magnetic field protects us from the worst of it. The greatest danger is that an especially powerful solar flare could knock out satellites and damage electrical systems.
No. Solar flares do not affect Earth's rotation.
no because a solar flare cant actually hit the earth the earths magnetosphere protects it there for the flare will not hurt you physically
Yes, super flares can destroy the Earth. And they can happen at any time, even now.
It effects electricity
It would wipe out all electricity. a solar flare occurs every 11 years.
Radio communications
satellite transmissions and all things electrical.