While they were serving in the army, their property was protected, but in their absence the large farmers took over the common land on which they relied to feed their ploughing ox and gather fruit and nuts to augment their food supply. Many were unable to continue, and were forced to become labourers. However the rich farmers got plenty of cheap labour in the form of the large number of slaves taken in the war, so demand was low. The cause of this dispossessed class was taken by the Gracchus brothers, leading to the civil wars.
The small farmers in the Roman empire can be traced back to the 5th century BC. They would grow crops for food and for trade.
While the soldier-farmers were away on duty, the large land owners purloined the common land on which they relied to supplement their small farms leading to disruptions which helped bring on the Civil Wars.
It became the dominant power in the Western Mediterranean. It began the decline of the farming class of Romans who were the backbone of the Roman army. They could not be farmers and absent from their farms for extended periods on war service. And the prisoners provided slaves who expanded the big estates which out-competed the small farmers.
A Roman peasant farmer was called a colonus. Coloni worked on large Roman estates and could never leave. Coloni came from from impoverished small free farmers, partially emancipated slaves, and barbarians.
The spread of migration of small farmers into cities caused unemployment which led to the decline of the empire.
The erosion of the small-farmer class who formed the backbone of the Roman army, and the consequential social breakdown.
There were no distilled spirits in the Roman empire. Whiskey was unknown.
The Roman Empire.Rome
They could not compete with large landowners who had slaves
No they did not. These landowners were too powerful.
The farmers were the backbone of the Roman army. While they were away, two things:They lost the produce of their land.Under Roman law anyone who held land without being challenged for a year gained ownership. Large landowners occupied the common land and as this is where the small-farmers fed their ploughing oxen (their farms were too small to support them) they were left unable to sustain them and plough their lands.The free availability of slaves provided cheap labour for the large landowners.
Small Farmers Party was created in 1936.