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Like all participles, they are adjectives. Present participles are verbs ending in -ing that function as adjectives.

"The gaping hole" or "the running man."

Sometimes it can be confusing, particularly with words like "charming" or "annoying," because these words are actually participles of the verbs "to charm" and "to annoy," respectively. However, they are used more like general adjectives than participles mostly.

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12y ago
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5d ago

Present participles are used to create continuous verb tenses (e.g. "I am running"), participial phrases to describe actions happening at the same time as the main verb (e.g. "Feeling tired, she decided to go to bed"), and as adjectives to describe nouns (e.g. "The running water was soothing"). They often add a sense of ongoing action or describe characteristics of a subject.

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