aluminium
The element in period 3 with 8 electrons in its outermost energy level is chlorine (Cl).
The group number 17 comprises of elements that has seven electrons in their own outer level.
The row is called the period. Each element in the same period has the outermost electrons in the same shell (energy level). For example, the elements in the 3rd period all have the outermost electrons in the 3rd shell.
Since the d orbital can hold 10 electrons, half filled would mean it has 5 electrons. The element in period 6 that has 5 electrons in the d orbital would be Rhenium (Re).
The period number of an element indicates the highest energy level that electrons occupy in an atom of that element. It corresponds to the row in the periodic table where the element is located, with each period representing a new principal energy level. For example, elements in period 2 have their outermost electrons in the second energy level. Additionally, the period number can give insights into the element's electron configuration and overall chemical properties.
Magnesium
The element in Period 4 that has two electrons in the p sublevel is germanium (Ge). It has the atomic number 32 and is located in group 14 of the periodic table. In its electron configuration, germanium has the outermost electrons in the 4s and 4p sublevels, with the 4p sublevel containing two electrons.
The periods in the periodic table tell you the energy level where the last electrons are being added. So, in period 1, the outermost electrons are in the first energy level or shell. In the 3rd period, the outermost electrons reside the the 3rd energy level, and so on.
As you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table, the number of electrons in an element's outermost energy level (also known as the valence shell) increases. The first group (alkali metals) has one valence electron, while the second group (alkaline earth metals) has two. Transition metals have varying valence electrons, but generally, the p-block elements at the end of the period can have up to six valence electrons. By the end of each period, noble gases possess a complete outermost energy level with eight valence electrons.
The valence electrons are the outer most electrons and the principal energy level in which they belong will vary for element to element and generally corresponds to the period number in which the element is present
A chloride ion has the same number of electrons as a neutral atom of an element in Period 3 of the periodic table, as both consist of 17 electrons.
In period 2 of the periodic table, lithium (Li) has the fewest valence electrons, with only one valence electron. It is located in Group 1, which is characterized by having a single electron in the outermost shell. Other elements in period 2, such as beryllium and the nonmetals, have more valence electrons.