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Changes in the weather led to changes in the food supply available. Sometimes there would be hard nuts, and the finches with tough beaks would survive. However, if, on that same island, the weather changed and longer beaks would be advantageous, the tough-beaked finches would die out and slender beaks would dominate. This is proven by the extensive research carried out by Peter and Rosemary Grant from 1973 to the present.

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Q: What environmental variable caused the beaks in Galapagos finches to evolve?
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Darwin wondered if the finches on the Galapagos Islands were an ancester to the mainland finches. It turns out they were, one finch went to the island and its decsandants spead across the island. Geographic isolation caused the gene pools to become isolated and each population adapted to a particular habitat on the Galapagos Islands. Over time all the populations became genotypically different that they do not interbreed. Mating finches look for the beak shape.


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The more different types of plants there are to eat the more different types of animals will adapt and speciate to eat them. Look at the adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches. The varieties of plants on the Galapagos caused the finches to adapt to the various ways of making a living from the diversified plants. Any tome a plant diversifies the possibility is that an animal will adapt to take advantage of the new resource by the usual means. Natural selection and the evolution.


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