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Alexander the Great took over the Empire.
The breakaway of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor, the rise of Macedonia and its conquest of Persia.
The Persian Empire.
The Persian Empire was not a person.
Persian Empire
Their loss in the Greco-Persian War as well as internal unrest within conquered lands.
Alexander the Great took over the Empire.
Alexander the great eventually destroyed the empire, and united it with Greece.
The breakaway of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor, the rise of Macedonia and its conquest of Persia.
Internal revolution, including by the Greek city-states and Egypt. The threat and then actuality of invasion by Macedonia.
Under the rules of Hammurabi's successors, the Babylonian Empire was weakened by military pressure from the Hittites, who sacked Babylon around 1531 BC. However it was the Kassites who eventually conquered Babylon and ruled Mesopotamia for 400 years, adopting parts of the Babylonian culture, including Hammurabi's code of laws until the Persian Empire took the city.
The Roman Empire except for the eastern part of the Persian Empire.
The Persian Empire.
The Persian Empire was not a person.
Egypt was conquered by Cambyses II, the ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, the second of the four pre-Islamic Persian Empires
Persian Empire
The Persian Empire absorbed the Babylonian Empire.